Reference to Chloe is found in the New Testament in Paul's first letter to the Christians in Corinth. Members of the house of Chloe brought the divisiveness of the teaching and preaching among certain members of the young Corinthian church to Paul's attention. Paul wrote the letter to deplore their dissention, immorality, and wrong thinking, and to answer the Corinthians's questions about marriage and virginity and the sacrificial offerings made to idols. He addressed their moral infractions and helped them better understand the Resurrection of Christ, as well as the Resurrection of the dead.

He had founded the community in or about A.D. 51. The community was established in the ancient city of Corinth, a crossroads of trade in the Mediterranean. It was a virtual melting pot of different people espousing various ideas, including those of pagan cults, and moral depravity was commonplace.

Paul acknowledges that word had reached him from the “house of Chloe,” suggestive of a house church that Chloe's family may have owned and occupied. Paul wasted little time with pleasantries in his letter. He tackled the issue of divisiveness head-on.

In the letter, Paul also addresses the problem of moral disorders emerging in the young church. Women who had participated in the church's fellowship and prayer without their veils or head covering were on Paul's agenda. Women may have also wanted to address the gathering, and possibly weren't permitted; they may have been arguing over the right to speak before the gathering.

A member had engaged in a sexual relationship with his father's wife. Other church members talked about it openly, as though they were giving praise for the great freedom Christianity ensured. However, Paul insisted that the man had to be removed, and that no Christian should associate with anyone who was immoral (1 Corinthians 5:1–13).

They had legal battles in the pagan courts, and some even may have participated in cult prostitution. Paul did not hesitate to exert his authority when necessary, but he dealt with each the issues using Christian purity and values as his guide.

Chloe, who most likely kept the house church, is not mentioned again in the Scriptures. Whether or not she addressed the assembly in any way remains shrouded in ambiguity. So, too, is the participation of other women of the New Testament, including Lydia (Acts 16:14–15) and Nympha (Colossians 4:15).