Mao Zedong's idea of a peasant-based socialist revolution was an innovation in Marxist thinking, which held that the revolution would come from the urban poor. The idea of a peasant-based revolution was less startling in China where dynasties often rose or fell as a result of peasant uprisings. In fact, it was a political truism that peasants are like water: They can float the boat or they can sink the boat.

