Muslims believe that the life of this world and all that is in it will come to an end on one appointed day. This day is called Youm al-Qiyama, or the Day of Reckoning. At this time, every person will be raised for judgment by Allah. Allah will judge each person individually, according to his or her faith and the balance of his or her good and bad actions.

The Day of Judgment is described throughout the Qur'an as a day of peace for the righteous, and a day of despair for evildoers. “When the sky bursts apart, when the planets are dispersed, when the seas spill forth, when graves are overturned — then each soul will know what it sent forth and what it left behind” (Qur'an 82:1–5).

The teachings of Islam emphasize that on the Day of Judgment, Allah will show mercy and fairness in His judgment: “On the Day of Judgment, We shall set up scales of justice, so that not a soul will be dealt with unjustly in the least. And if there be the weight of even a mustard seed, We will bring it to account” (Qu'ran 21:47).

According to Islamic teachings, those who believe in God and perform good deeds will be eternally rewarded in Heaven. Wrongdoers and those who reject faith in God will be eternally punished in the fires of Hell. Further information about the Day of Judgment, Heaven, and Hell can be found in Chapter 17.