While the Meccans continued to engage the Muslims in an attempt to invade Madinah, their economy back home was suffering from the disruption in their northern trade routes, which were blocked by the Muslims from Madinah. After another series of losing battles, the Meccans realized Muhammad's strength was increasing rather than decreasing, so they finally agreed to meet Muhammad to discuss the terms of a peace agreement.

Treaty of Hudaibiyah

Muhammad traveled to Mecca and met with representatives in the suburban area known as Hudaibiyah. They negotiated a peace treaty, including terms for a ten-year ceasefire, and agreed to remain neutral in conflicts with third parties. The armistice would allow both sides to live in happiness and to conduct their own affairs freely.

Not very long after signing the treaty, a tribe that had allied with the Meccans attacked a tribe that had allied with the Muslims. It was a violation of the terms of the agreement. Muhammad responded by leading an army of 10,000 into Mecca. The Meccans were so surprised by the size of the Muslim army that they surrendered without a single person being hurt.

Returning Home

In Mecca, Muhammad gathered all the residents of the city together. They were expecting punishment and revenge for two decades of persecution and violence. Instead, Muhammad reminded them of their misdeeds and hostility. He asked the people, “What do you expect from me?” The people were ashamed and afraid. Muhammad answered, “May God forgive you. Go in peace. There shall be no responsibility on you today — you are free!” He even released the claim to the Muslim property the Meccans had confiscated twenty years earlier. Muhammad then returned to Madinah, having changed the hearts of the people of Mecca.