Rules of Engagement
Even during the times when Muslims are engaged in battles of a military nature, they must follow certain codes of ethics and rules of engagement laid down in the Qur'an and exemplified by the life of the Prophet Muhammad. It is human nature to become agitated and seek revenge when one is wronged, so Islam lays out very strict rules to ensure the legitimate and proper conduct of Muslim soldiers.
After reaching a peace treaty with the pagan leadership, Muhammad was able to lead the Muslim community back to Mecca in a peaceful manner. At that time, Muhammad granted amnesty to all the residents of Mecca, even those who had gravely persecuted the Muslims in the past.
Muslims adhered to strict rules of combat long before such agreements were common. Some of the rules include the following:
Give diplomacy a chance before battle starts; respect all treaties.
Do not harm those who are not physically involved in fighting — including women, children, the elderly, and religious persons.
Do not destroy property, including real estate, infrastructure, trees, farms, animals, and orchards.
Protect all places of worship.
Treat well all prisoners of war.
Allow the bodies of soldiers slain in battle to be buried in dignity.
Stop fighting when the enemy ceases hostilities and negotiate for peace.
Islam recognizes that kind treatment toward one's enemies is a way to bring a lasting peace. The Qur'an says the following: “It may be that Allah will establish friendship between you and those whom you now hold as enemies. For Allah has power over all things, and Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful. Allah forbids you not — with regard to those who do not fight you for your faith, nor drive you out of your homes — from dealing kindly and justly with them. For Allah loves those who are just” (Qur'an 60:7–8).
