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A Guide to Pronunciation

Spanish isn't a difficult language to pronounce. Just remember to relax your mouth and use your lips. We don't really use our lips all that much in English, but you'll need them in Spanish, so don't be afraid to put them out there!

The great thing about Spanish pronunciation is that it sounds exactly the way it's spelled. In English, “car” and “cat” have two different vowel sounds in spite of their similar spellings. In Spanish, the letter “a” always represents one particular sound.

Even more conveniently, there are two simple rules that govern which syllable in any word is normally accented:

1. In words that end in a vowel (-a, -e, -i, -o, -u), “-s,” or “-n,” the stress normally falls on the second-to-last syllable. For example: mano (MAH-noh), hand; playas (PLAH-yahs), beaches; cantaban (kahn-TAH-bahn), they sang.

2. In words that end in any consonant except “-s” or “-n,” the stress normally falls on the last syllable. For example: verdad (vehr-DAHD), truth; azul (ah-SOOL), blue; luz (loos), light.

However, some words don't follow these two rules. To let the readers know how these words should be stressed in pronunciation, Spanish employs an acute accent mark ( ' ) over the vowel to indicate the stressed syllable. For example: lápiz (LAH-pees), pencil; médico (MEH-dee-coh), doctor; música (MOO-see-kah), music. The accent mark might also be used to differentiate two words with same spelling but different meaning: dónde (DOHN-deh), where (question word); donde (DOHN-deh), where (as a preposition).

ESSENTIAL

Just as with English, there is a wide variety of accents in the Spanish language because it's spoken in so many different countries and cultures throughout the world. Because it's impossible to cover them all, this book presents the pronunciations you're most likely to hear coming from people from Central and South America.

The Pronunciation Guide chart will certainly help you with pronunciation, but nothing works as well as getting the sound of the language in your ear. To learn to pronounce Spanish words, listen to the spoken language. Listening to Spanish on TV, the radio, or the city bus will get your ear accustomed to the sounds, and you'll find it much easier to recreate them yourself.

Pronunciation Guide <tgroup cols="4"> <colspec colname="col1" colnum="1" colwidth="25%" colsep="0" rowsep="0" align="center"/> <colspec colname="col2" colnum="2" colwidth="25%" colsep="0" rowsep="0" align="center"/> <colspec colname="col3" colnum="3" colwidth="25%" colsep="0" rowsep="0" align="center"/> <colspec colname="col4" colnum="4" colwidth="25%" colsep="0" rowsep="0" align="center"/> <thead> <tr> <td><p>Letter</p></td> <td><p>Sound</p></td> <td><p>Example</p></td> <td><p>Pronunciation</p></td> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><p>a</p></td> <td><p>ah</p></td> <td><p><emphasis>ala</emphasis> (wing)</p></td> <td><p>AH-la</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>b</p></td> <td><p>b</p></td> <td><p><emphasis>bolsa</emphasis> (bag)</p></td> <td><p>BOHL-sah</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>c</p></td> <td><p><emphasis>s</emphasis> before i, e;</p></td> <td><p><emphasis>centro</emphasis> (center),</p></td> <td><p>SEHN-troh</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><para/></td> <td><p><emphasis>k</emphasis> in all other cases</p></td> <td><p><emphasis>casa</emphasis> (house)</p></td> <td><p>KAH-sah</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>ch</p></td> <td><p>ch</p></td> <td><p><emphasis>coche</emphasis> (car)</p></td> <td><p>KOH-cheh</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>d</p></td> <td><p>d</p></td> <td><p><emphasis>dedo</emphasis> (finger)</p></td> <td><p>DEH-do</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>e</p></td> <td><p>eh</p></td> <td><p><emphasis>estar</emphasis> (to be)</p></td> <td><p>eh-STAHR</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>f</p></td> <td><p>f</p></td> <td><p><emphasis>falso</emphasis> (false)</p></td> <td><p>FAHL-soh</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>g</p></td> <td><p>a hard</p></td> <td><p><emphasis>gente</emphasis> (people),</p></td> <td><p>HEHN-the</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><para/></td> <td><p><emphasis>h</emphasis> sound before e, i; a hard <emphasis>g</emphasis> sound in all other cases</p></td> <td><p><emphasis>gracias</emphasis> (thanks)</p></td> <td><p>GRAH-see-ahs</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>h</p></td> <td><p>silent</p></td> <td><p><emphasis>hola</emphasis> (hi)</p></td> <td><p>OH-lah</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>i</p></td> <td><p>ee</p></td> <td><p><emphasis>igual</emphasis> (equal)</p></td> <td><p>ee-GWAHL</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>j</p></td> <td><p>a hard <emphasis>h</emphasis></p></td> <td><p><emphasis>jabón</emphasis> (soap)</p></td> <td><p>hah-BOHN</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>k</p></td> <td><p><emphasis>k</emphasis> in words of foreign origin</p></td> <td><p><emphasis>kilo</emphasis> (kilogram)</p></td> <td><p>KEE-loh</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>l</p></td> <td><p>l</p></td> <td><p><emphasis>lado</emphasis> (side)</p></td> <td><p>LAH-doh</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>ll</p></td> <td><p>y</p></td> <td><p><emphasis>llamar</emphasis> (to call)</p></td> <td><p>yah-MAHR</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>m</p></td> <td><p>m</p></td> <td><p><emphasis>muy</emphasis> (very)</p></td> <td><p>mui</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>n</p></td> <td><p>n</p></td> <td><p><emphasis>nunca</emphasis> (never)</p></td> <td><p>NUHN-kah</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>ñ</p></td> <td><p>ny</p></td> <td><p><emphasis>mañana</emphasis>(tomorrow)</p></td> <td><p>mah-NYAH-nah</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>o</p></td> <td><p>oh</p></td> <td><p><emphasis>ojo</emphasis> (eye)</p></td> <td><p>OH-hoh</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>p</p></td> <td><p>p</p></td> <td><p><emphasis>pelo</emphasis> (hair)</p></td> <td><p>PEH-loh</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>q</p></td> <td><p>k</p></td> <td><p><emphasis>quince</emphasis> (fifteen)</p></td> <td><p>KEEN-seh</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>r</p></td> <td><p>a hard <emphasis>r</emphasis></p></td> <td><p><emphasis>radio</emphasis> (radio)</p></td> <td><p>RAH-dee-oh</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>rr</p></td> <td><p>a rolled <emphasis>r</emphasis></p></td> <td><p><emphasis>perro</emphasis> (dog)</p></td> <td><p>PEH-rroh</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>s</p></td> <td><p>s</p></td> <td><p><emphasis>sol</emphasis> (sun)</p></td> <td><p>sohl</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>t</p></td> <td><p>t</p></td> <td><p><emphasis>todo</emphasis> (all)</p></td> <td><p>TOH-doh</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>u</p></td> <td><p>oo</p></td> <td><p><emphasis>útil</emphasis> (useful)</p></td> <td><p>OO-tihl</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>v</p></td> <td><p>v</p></td> <td><p><emphasis>vivo</emphasis> (alive)</p></td> <td><p>VEE-voh</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>w</p></td> <td><p><emphasis>w</emphasis> in words of foreign origin</p></td> <td><p><emphasis>whisky</emphasis> (whisky)</p></td> <td><p>WEES-kih</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>x</p></td> <td><p>ks</p></td> <td><p><emphasis>éxito</emphasis> (success)</p></td> <td><p>EHKS-ee-toh</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>y</p></td> <td><p>y</p></td> <td><p><emphasis>yerno</emphasis> (son-in-law)</p></td> <td><p>YEHR-noh</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>z</p></td> <td><p>s</p></td> <td><p><emphasis>plaza</emphasis> (square)</p></td> <td><p>PLAH-sah</p></td> </tr> </tbody> </tgroup> </table> <div class="npsb"> <h2> ALERT!</h2> <p>You might notice that speakers of Spanish pronounce “v” so that it sounds more like “b.”Don't worry, you're not hearing things. This is a common speech modification found in several languages.</p> </div> <p>The <emphasis>u</emphasis>, which is usually pronounced as <emphasis>oo,</emphasis> presents a challenge when it follows the letter <emphasis>g</emphasis>. If the combination <emphasis>gu</emphasis> is followed by <emphasis>a</emphasis> it's always pronounced like <emphasis>oo — guardia</emphasis> (policeman) GWAHR-dee-ah. If it's followed by <emphasis>e</emphasis> or <emphasis>i</emphasis> it's silent, and it's only pronounced as oo when it carries the umlaut (¨): <emphasis>nicaragüense</emphasis> (Nicaraguan) is pronounced nee-cah-rah-GWEHN-seh.</p> <!--/gc--> <div id="pagination"><ul><li class="prev"><a href="http://www.netplaces.com/spanish-phrases/pronunciation-and-grammar/" title="Pronunciation and Grammar">Pronunciation and Grammar</a></li><li class="next"><a href="http://www.netplaces.com/spanish-phrases/pronunciation-and-grammar/the-spanish-you-already-know.htm" title="The Spanish You Already Know">The Spanish You Already Know</a> </li></ul></div></div> <div id="coda"> <div id="rel"><div class="n5">Related Articles</div><ul> <li><a href="http://www.netplaces.com/spanish-phrases/pronunciation-and-grammar/a-guide-to-pronunciation.htm" zT="18/1YL/Zn"> A Guide to Pronunciation - Spanish Phrases </a></li> <li><a href="http://spanish.about.com/od/spanishpronunciation/a/spanish_pronunciation.htm" 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