Mental Health Professionals and Symptoms by Saskia Gorospe Rombouts with Courtney Barbetto, RN
First things first: introductions. There are different mental health care practitioners trained to treat mental illness. Remember that you can use Soy … (soy), meaning “I am,” followed by the article and noun, to introduce yourself.
MENTAL HEALTH PRACTITIONERS
psychiatrist |
el/la psiquiatra |
ehl/lah psee-kee-AH-trah |
psychologist |
el/la psicólogo/a |
ehl/lah psee-COH-loh-goh/gah |
psychoanalyst |
el/la psicoanalista |
ehl/lah psee-coh-ah-nah-LEES-tah |
social worker |
el/la trabajador/a social |
ehl/lah trah-bah-hah-DOHR/ |
trah-bah-hah-DOH-rah soh-see-AHL |
nurse |
el/la enfermero/a |
practitioner |
ehl/lah ehn-fehr-MEH-roh/rah |
pastoral |
el/la consejero/a pastoral |
counselor |
ehl/lah cohn-seh-HEH-roh/ |
rah pahs-toh-RAHL |
Symptoms
Patients may come to you with a variety of symptoms. To check what symptoms they have ask the following:
What symptoms do you have?
¿Qué síntomas tiene?
keh SEEN-toh-mahs tee-EH-neh
Patients may reply with any of the following expressions using the verbs sufrir (suffer from) and tener (to have).
I suffer from panic attacks.
Sufro ataques de pánico.
SOO-froh ah-TAH-kehs deh PAH-nee-coh
I have anxiety.
Tengo ansiedad.
TEHN-goh ahn-see-eh-DAHD
Not all symptoms can be described with the verb sufrir, to suffer from. You would not say, for instance, Sufro tristeza (I suffer from sadness), but Estoy triste (I am sad).
SYMPTOMS
anxiety |
la ansiedad |
lah ahn-see-eh-DAHD |
catatonic |
el comportamiento catatónico |
behavior |
ehl cohm-pohr-tah-mee-EHN-toh |
cah-tah-TOH-nee-coh |
changes in |
los cambios en el apetito |
appetite |
lohs CAHM-bee-ohs ehn ehl |
ah-peh-TEE-toh |
delusions |
los delirios |
lohs deh-LEE-ree-ohs |
disorganized |
el lenguaje desorganizado |
speech |
ehl lehn-goo-AH-heh dehs-ohr- |
gah-nee-SAH-doh |
feelings of |
los sentimientos de impotencia |
helplessness |
lohs sehn-tee-mee-EHN-tohs deh |
eem-poh-TEHN-see-ah |
frequent loss |
la pérdida de estribos frecuente |
of temper |
lah PEHR-dee-dah deh ehs-TREE-bohs |
freh-coo-EHN-teh |
hallucinations |
las alucinaciones |
lahs ah-oo-see-nah-see-OH-nehs |
impaired |
el juicio afectado |
judgment |
ehl hoo-EEH-see-oh ah-fec-TAH-doh |
inability to sleep |
el no poder dormir |
ehl noh poh-DEHR dohr-MEER |
incoherence |
la incoherencia |
lah een-coh-eh-REHN-see-ah |
irritability |
la irritabilidad |
lah ee-rree-tah-bee-lee-DAHD |
lack of empathy |
la falta de empatía |
lah FAHL-tah deh ehm-pah-TEE-ah |
loss of energy |
la pérdida de energía |
lah PEHR-dee-dah deh |
eh-nehr-HEE-ah |
memory |
la deficiencia de memoria |
impairment |
lah deh-fee-see-EHN-see-ah deh |
meh-moh-REE-ah |
memory loss |
la pérdida de memoria |
lah PEHR-dee-dah deh |
meh-MOH-ree-ah |
mood swings |
los cambios de humor |
lohs CAHM-bee-ohs deh ooh-MOHR |
panic attacks |
los ataques de pánico |
lohs ah-TAH-kehs deh PAH-nee-coh |
personality |
los cambios de personalidad |
changes |
lohs CAHM-bee-ohs deh pehr-soh- |
nah-lee-DAHD |
sadness |
la tristeza |
lah trees-TEH-sah |
recurring |
los pensamientos de muerte repetidos |
thoughts of death |
lohs pehn-sah-mee-EHN-tohs deh |
moo-EHR-teh reh-peh-TEE-dohs |
seizure |
el ataque |
ehl ah-TAH-keh |
violent behavior |
el comportamiento violento |
ehl com-pohr-tah-mee-EHN-toh |
vee-oh-LEHN-toh |
<B>Essential</B></h2>
<p><B>El no poder</B> literally translates as “the not being able to” and is used to describe symptoms of inability, such as <B>el no poder dormir</B> (inability to sleep) and <B>el no poder comer</B> (inability to eat). <B>La falta de</B>, which translates as “lack of,” is used to describe symptoms where the patient lacks an ability, such as <B>la falta de autocontrol</B>, lack of self-control.</p>
</div>
<p>Here are some questions you can use to assess mental health status:</p>
<div class="npsb">
<p>Why are you here?</p>
<p><B>¿Por qué está usted aquí?</B></p>
<p>pohr keh ehs-TAH oos-TEHD ah-KEE</p>
<p>Do you get messages from other places?</p>
<p><B>¿Recibe usted mensajes de otros lugares?</B></p>
<p>reh-SEE-bah oos-TEHD mehn-SAH-hehs deh OH-trohs loo-GAH-rehs</p>
<p>Do you hear any voices?</p>
<p><B>¿Oye usted voces?</B></p>
<p>Oh-yeh oos-TEHD VOH-sehs</p>
<p>Do you forget things?</p>
<p><B>¿Se le olvidan cosas?</B></p>
<p>seh leh ol-VEE-dahn COH-sahs</p>
<p>Have you ever thought about wanting to die?</p>
<p><B>¿Alguna vez ha pensado en querer morir?</B></p>
<p>ahl-GOO-nah vehs ah pehn-SAH-doh ehn keh-REHR MOH-reer</p>
<p>Have you ever thought that life is too hard?</p>
<p><B>¿Alguna vez ha pensado que la vida es demasiado dura?</B></p>
<p>ahl-GOO-nah vehs ah pehn-SAH-doh keh lah VEE-dah ehs deh-mah-see-AH-doh DOO-rah</p>
<p>How is your memory?</p>
<p><B>¿Qué tal está su memoria?</B></p>
<p>keh tahl ehs-TAH soo meh-MOH-ree-ah</p>
<p>How is your sexual interest or desire?</p>
<p><B>¿Cómo está su interés o deseo sexual?</B></p>
<p>COH-moh ehs-TAH soo een-teh-REHS oh deh-SEH-oh seh-ksoo-AHL</p>
</div>
<p>Some of the possible answers to the last two questions are <B>bien</B> (bee-EHN), well, <B>normal</B> (nohr-MAHL), normal, or <B>no tengo interés</B> (noh TEHN-goh een-teh-REHS), I don't have any interest. To check the patient's mood state use the following:</p>
<div class="npsb">
<p>What is your mood most of the time?</p>
<p><B>¿Cómo está de estado de ánimo la mayor parte del tiempo?</B></p>
<p>COH-moh ehs-TAH deh ehs-TAH-doh deh AH-nee-moh lah mah-YOHR PAHR-teh dehl tee-EHM-poh</p>
</div>
<p><B>POSIBLE MOOD STATES</B></p>
<table frame="all" width="100%">
<h2>
<tgroup cols="2">
<colspec colname="col1" colnum="1" colwidth="50%" colsep="0" rowsep="0" align="left"/>
<colspec colname="col2" colnum="2" colwidth="50%" colsep="0" rowsep="0" align="left"/>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><p><B>euphoric</B></p></td>
<td><p><B>eufórico</B></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<entry/>
<td><p>eh-oo-FOH-ree-coh</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><B>depressive</B></p></td>
<td><p><B>depresivo</B></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<entry/>
<td><p>deh-preh-SEE-voh</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><B>irritable</B></p></td>
<td><p><B>irritable</B></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<entry/>
<td><p>ee-rree-TAH-bleh</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><B>low</B></p></td>
<td><p><B>bajo</B></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<entry/>
<td><p>BAH-hoh</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><B>normal</B></p></td>
<td><p><B>normal</B></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<entry/>
<td><p>nohr-MAHL</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<p>On some occasions you will have to deal with relatives rather than the patients themselves.</p>
<div class="npsb">
<p>How has the patient's behavior changed?</p>
<p><B>¿Cómo ha cambiado el comportamiento del/ de la paciente?</B></p>
<p>COH-moh ah cahm-bee-AH-doh ehl com-pohr-tah-mee-EHN-toh dehl/deh lah pah-see-EHN-teh</p>
<p>Has anyone in the family had mental illness?</p>
<p><B>¿Ha tenido alguien de la familia enfermedad mental?</B></p>
<p>ah teh-NEE-doh ahl-ghee-EHN deh lah fah-MEE-lee-ah ehn-fehr-meh-DAHD MEHN-tahl</p>
</div>
<p>Mental health assessment and treatment may be affected by factors other than language. Asking about any other advice the family has sought may help you assess their beliefs and approaches.</p>
<div class="npsb">
<p>Who have you consulted with?</p>
<p><B>¿Con quién ha consultado usted?</B></p>
<p>cohn kee-EHN ah cohn-sool-TAH-doh oos-TEHD</p>
</div>
<p>Some of the answers may include an <B>espiritista</B>, <B>santero/a</B>, or <B>curandero/a</B>, a folk healer. Other families may also be influenced by their religion and may want to include <B>el cura</B> (ehl COO-rah), priest, in the process. It is important to assess and respect the values or beliefs of the patient before suggesting your approach.</p>
<div class="npsb">
<p>What did he/she say?</p>
<p><B>¿Qué le dijo?</B></p>
<p>keh leh DEE-hoh</p>
</div>
<div class="npsb">
<title> <B>Essential</B></h2>
<p>Mental status exams often include questions that are culturally biased. Some tests assess the patient's general fund of knowledge to get a sense of his or her ability to store information or sense of reality. It would, however, be unfair to ask a recent immigrant to name American presidents or U.S. state capitals. Take the patient's background and language ability into account.</p>
</div>
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