As dogs begin to age, the body begins to deteriorate due to oxidative damage caused by free radicals. Free radicals are toxic, electrically unstable molecules that weaken your dog's immune system. They're responsible for degenerating conditions associated with aging, such as cancer, heart disease, arthritis, diabetes, and cataracts.

Antioxidant supplements neutralize free radicals and decrease the damage. Research shows that giving your puppy antioxidant supplements before free radical damage occurs will help increase your dog's life expectancy. Vitamins A, C, and E, the minerals selenium and zinc, and the nutrients alpha lipoic acid and coenzyme Q10 are antioxidant supplements that protect the body against free radical damage.

Probiotics

Otherwise known as friendly bacteria, a probiotic helps metabolize food and eliminates harmful viruses, yeasts, and bacteria. Nonpasteurized yogurt or kefir and acidophilus are a few sources, although a probiotic formulated for canines may be more effective. Veterinarians may recommend a probiotic before your dog goes into surgery, if he is ill, or if he is taking an antibiotic that may upset his stomach.

Nutraceuticals

Purified from foods, a nutraceutical provides protection against chronic disease. As natural supplements they can replace or work in conjunction with conventional pharmaceuticals. These include nutrients, dietary supplements, and herbal products.

Glucosamine and chondroitin are combined to provide joint, tendon, and cartilage support. MSM (methyl-sulfonyl-methane), a natural source of sulfur, works with glucosamine as a potent anti-inflammatory and pain reliever. Yucca root, another anti-inflammatory, helps relieve itching and swelling from minor skin injuries.