The Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative
The last two Latin tenses, the pluperfect indicative and the future perfect indicative, are so similar in form and use that they are best spoken of together rather than as separate sections. Their functions are also relative to such an extent that they almost always require the presence of another verb as a reference point.
All the tenses of the perfect system are formed on the same stem. This stem is the third principal part of a verb minus the final -ī. The perfect tense has its own set of special personal endings that you have already learned and have been working with in the exercises. The pluperfect and future perfect tenses are formed on the same stem, of course, but they follow a tense construction model similar to that of the imperfect tense.
That is to say, on the stem you add a tense indicator followed by a personal ending. The stem tells you that the tense is in the perfect system, the tense indicator tells you which tense it is, and the personal ending finishes the verb off by providing person and number information.
Here are some paradigms (i.e., charts showing the different forms) of the following verbs in the pluperfect and future perfect tenses:
stī,stā re, stetī , statum (to stand)
moneī , monē re, monuī , monitum (to warn)
mittī, mittere, mī sī, missum (to send)
capiī, capere, cē pī, captum (to take)
sentiī , sentī re, sē nsī,sē nsum (to feel)
Table 11-4 Pluperfect Tense Across the Conjugations
Table 11-5 Future Perfect Tense Across the Conjugations
The pluperfect tense forms are the same across the conjugations. In the perfect system, the conjugation to which a verb belongs doesn't matter. But however a perfect system tense is formed, it is the same across the board. The perfect stem has the tense indicator -era- and a personal ending.
The future perfect tense forms are also the same from conjugation to conjugation. To form the future perfect, the tense indicator -eri- is used. The only little exception to that rule is in the first person singular where the -i- is absorbed into the -ī. Otherwise, it's -eri- all the way down.
Conjugating the Six Tenses
Conjugate the following verbs in each of the six tenses — present, imperfect, future, perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect.
iaciō , iacere, iē cī , iactum (to throw)
iaceō , iacē re, iacuī , itum (to lie, i.e., maintain a horizontal position)
