Numbers
Numbers are adjectives, and in Latin there are only four common ones that can be declined.
Unus, -a, -um (one) follows the pattern of special adjectives. There are no plural forms.
Duo, duae, duo (two) is an odd duck. It and only one other word, ambī,ambae, ambī(“both”), have kept the dual number forms.
Table 13-12 Declension of duō,duae, duō
Trē s, tria (three) is a third declension adjective.
Mī lle (thousand) is a problem. In the singular, it is an indeclinable adjective. In the plural, however, it is a third declension i-stem neuter noun:mī lia, mī lium, mī libus, mī lia, mī libus.
Neither the Greeks nor the Romans used the zero either as a number or as a placeholder. For the Romans, tomorrow was two days from now. (Today is a day, so is tomorrow. That makes two.) Zero and the other Arabic numerals came to the West from India via the Arabs in the tenth century.
September got its name (as did October, November, and December) when March was the first month of the year. March is when we have the vernal equinox, so it's the beginning of spring. Makes sense, don't you think?
ū nus, -a, -um |
one |
duo, duae, duo |
two |
trē s, tria |
three |
quattuor |
four |
quī nque |
five |
sex |
six |
septem |
seven |
octō |
eight |
novem |
nine |
decem |
ten |
centum |
hundred |
mī lle |
thousand |
prī mus, -a, -um |
first |
secundus, -a, -um |
second |
tertius, -a, -um |
third |
quā rtus, -a, -um |
fourth |
quī ntus, -a, -um |
fifth |
sextus, -a, -um |
sixth |
septimus, -a, -um |
seventh |
octā vus, -a, -um |
eighth |
nō nus, -a, -um |
ninth |
decimus, -a, -um |
tenth |
centē simus, -a, -um |
hundredth |
mī llē simus, -a, -um |
thousandth |
Latin-to-English Translations
Translate these Latin sentences into English.
Accidit ut istud bellum effugere nōn possē mus.
Hī , quī anteā oppidōs suōs numquam relī quē rant, trans mare transiē runt.
Mors Augustī , quī Romae imperā tor prī mus erat, magna tristitiae causa erat.
Vīs tempestā tis tanta erat ut milia nā vium frumentī , vinī , et servō rum plē nā rum dē lē vit.
Ego mihi mortem servitū dine mā lō.
Rē x illam, cuius filius eum servā vit, in matrimonium ducet.
Filia quī nta eius multō pulchrior quam cē terae est.
Domus, quae contrā sē dī vī sa est, stā re nōn potest.
Eō diē hominēs centum in mediō oppidō sē contulē runt.
Septimā diē post casum Pompē iī s, petere coepimus ullōs quī superfuerant.
English-to-Latin Translations
Translate these English sentences into Latin.
Labiēnus was so skilled in (with respect to) the art of war that Caesar retained him. (perī tus, “skilled”)
The senate gave great honors to you alone.
Those brave (men whom we were just talking about) climbed this mountain in four days.
We brought the bodies of the men who had fallen back to the camp.
There were few who survived.
