The following is a list of the most commonly found words in Latin literature. Not all the variant forms for each word are presented, nor are all the possible uses for a word. Here are the most common forms and the most common uses. Frequently appearing proper nouns and adjectives with obvious meaning (e.g., Rī ma or Rī mā nus) have been left out as well. For more information, consult your dictionary.

ā,ab prep.+ abl., from, away from; by

abeī , abī re, abiī,abitum to go away

absum, abesse,āfuī, ā futūrus to be away ac See atque

accēdī, -ere, accessī, accessum to approach, go near

accidī, -ere, accidī to happen, fall down, ask for help

accipiī, -ere, accēpī, acceptum to welcome, receive

ā cer, ā cris, ā cre fierce, sharp, painful

aciēs, -ē ī, f. battle line, edge

ad prep. + acc., to, toward, near

addī, -ere, addidī, additum to add, give to

adeī adv., still, so far, up to this point; so much, so

adeī, adīre, adiī, aditum to go to, approach

adhūc adv., still, up to this point in time, even

adsum, adesse, adfuī to be present, be nearby

adversus (adversum) adv. and adj. + acc., against, opposite

aeger, aegra, aegrum sick, ill, poor

aequor, -ī ris, n. the sea, a plain, any flat surface

aequus, -a, -um level, flat, even, fair

aes, aeris, n. copper, bronze, money

aetās, aetātis, f. age, lifetime

aeternus, -a, -um eternal

aether, -is, m. (acc. aethera), heaven, the upper air

aevum, -ī , n. age, lifetime, a period of time

afferī, affere, attulī, allatum to bring, bring to

ager, agrī, m. field, land

agitī, -ā re to agitate, think about, get something going

agmen, agminis, n. marching column, train

agī, -ere,ēgī, ā ctum to do, drive, lead, be busy

ā iīdefective; to say, say yes (opposite of negī)

ā la, -ae, f. wing

albus, -a, -um white, dull white

ā les, ā litis winged, having wings

aliēnus, -a, -um someone else's, foreign (often with bad connotation)

aliquandīsometimes, at some time

aliquis, aliquid, pron. someone, something, anyone, anything

alius, -a, -um another, different; aliī … aliī “some … others”

alter, -a, -um the other (of two); alter … alter, “the one … the other”

altus, -a, -um high, deep (an extreme vertical distance)

amicitia, -ae, f. friendship

amicus, -a, -um friendly

ā mittī, -ere, ā mīsī, ā missum to send away, let go, lose

amnis, amnis, m. stream, river

amī, -ā re, -ā vī, -ā tum to like, love

amor, amīris, m. love

amplus, -a, -um spacious, large (on the inside)

an conj., or, whether

anima, -ae, f. soul, breath, breeze

animal, animālis, n. animal

animus, -ī, m. mind, spirit, courage

annus, -ī, m. year

ante prep. + acc., before, in front of

antīquus, -a, -um old, old fashioned, ancient

aperiī, -ī re, -uī, apertum to open, uncover

Apollo, Apollinis, or Apollī nis, m. Apollo

appareī, -ē re, -uī, -itum to appear

appellī, -ā re, -ā vī, -ā tum to call (often by name)

aptus, -a, -um suitable, fit, fitted to/for

apud prep. + acc., among, in the presence of, near, at the home of

aqua, -ae, f. water

arbor, -is, f. tree

ā rdeī, -ē re, ā rsī to burn, be on fire

argentum, -ī, n. silver, money

arma, -ī rum, n. pl. weapons, arms

armī, -ā re, -ā vī, -ā tum to equip with weapons

ars, artis, f. art, skill, method

arvum, -ī, n. land, arable land, a plowed field

arx, arcis, f. fortress, citadel

ascendī, -ere, ascendī, ascēnsum to climb, go up

aspiciī, -ere, aspexī, aspēctum to look at

astrum, -ī, n. star

at, conj. but, moreover

atque, (ac) conj., and, and so, and even

auctor, auctīris, m. originator, founder, author

audāx, audācis bold, daring, rash

audeī, -ē re, ausus sum to dare

audiī, -ī re, -ī vī, -ī tum to hear, listen

auferī, auferre, abstulī, ablātum to carry away

augeī, -ē re, auxī, auctum to increase, enlarge

Augustus, -ī, m. Augustus

aura, -ae, f. air

aureus, -a, -um golden, made of gold

auris, auris, f. ear

aurum, -ī, n. gold, money

aut conj., or (a choice between mutually exclusive things); aut … aut “either … or”

autem conj., moreover, however

auxilium, -ī, n. help

avis, avis, f. bird

Bacchus, -ī, m. Bacchus, Dionysus

beātus, -a, -um blessed, happy

bellum, -ī, n. war

bene adv., well

benedīcī, -dīcere, -dixī, -dictum to speak well of, bless

bibī, -ere, bibī, bibitum to drink

blandus, -a, -um flattering, enticing

bonus, -a, -um good

brevis, -e short

cadī, -ere, cecidī, cāsum to fall

caecus, -a, -um blind

caedēs, -is, f. slaughter, gore

caelestis, -e heavenly, pertaining to the sky

caelum, -ī, n. sky, heaven

campus, -ī, m. field

candidus, -a, -um white, bright white

canis, canis, c. dog

canī, -ere, cecinī, cantum to sing, play (an instrument)

cantī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to sing, play (an instrument)

cantus, -ūs, m. a song, a music session

capiī, -ere, cēpī, captum to take, catch

caput, capitis, n. head

careī, -ēre, -uī, -itūrus to lack, be without (uses an ablative object)

carmen, -minis, n. song, poem

cārus, -a, -um dear, expensive

castra, -īrum, n. pl. camp

castus, -a, -um clean, chaste, pure

cāsus, -ūs, m. a fall, accident, disaster

causa, -ae, f. cause, reason, lawsuit

caveī, -ēre, cāvī, cautum to beware, be on guard

cēdī, -ere, cessī, cessum to go, withdraw, yield

celebrī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to visit often, make well known

celer, celeris, celere quick, fast

centum hundred

cernī, -ere, crēvī, crētum to separate, distinguish, pick out

certī, -āre, -ā vī, -ātum to struggle, decide by contest

certus, -a, -um certain, sure, reliable

cessī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to do nothing, slack off

cēterus, -a, -um the rest, the other

chorus, -ī, m. chorus, a dance

cibus, -ī , m. food

cingī, -ere, cinxī, cinctum to surround, wrap

cinis, cineris, m. ash

circā adv. and prep. + acc., around, near

citus, -a, -um quick, fast

cīvis, cīvis, c. citizen

cīvitās, -tātis, f. state, city, citizenship

clāmor, -is, m. shouting, ruckus

clārus, -a, -um clear, bright, famous

claudī, -ere, clausī, clausum to close, conclude

coepī, coepisse, coeptum defective, to have begun

cīgitī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to think, ponder

cognīscī, -ere, cognīvī, cognitum to learn; in the perfect system, to know

cīgī, -ere, coēgī, coāctum to compel, gather, drive, force

cohors, cohortis, f. a company, retinue

colligī, -ere, collēgī, collectum to gather, collect

colī, -ere, coluī, cultum to pay attention to, nurture, cultivate

color, -is, m. color

coma, -ae, f. hair (on the head)

comedī, -ere, -ēdī, -ēsum, or -estum to eat up

comes, comitis, c. companion

committī, -ere, -mīsī, -missum to connect, combine; entrust

commūnis, -e common, approachable

comparī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to prepare, buy, furnish

complector, -plectī, -plexus sum to hug, embrace

compīnī, -ere, -posuī, -positum to put, put together, arrange

concēdī, -ere, -cessī, -cessum to go away, withdraw, yield

condī, -ere, -didī, -dītum to found, build; put in safe keeping, hide

cīnferī, conferre, contulī, collātum to bring together, compare, engage

cīnficiī, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum to finish

confiteor, confitērī, confessus sum to confess, admit

coniunx, coniugis, c. spouse

cīnor, -ārī, -ātus sum to try

cīnsequor, -ī, cīnsecūtus sum to follow, pursue, obtain

cīnsilium, -ī, n. plan, advice, consultation, an assembly

cīnstituī, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtum to stand or set something up, decide

constī, -āre, -stitī, -stātum to stand together, stand still, stop

cīnsul, -is, m. consul (chief magistrate)

cīnsulī, -ere, consuluī, consultum to consult

contemnī, -ere, -tempsī, -temptum to despise

contineī, -ēre, -tinuī, -temptum to hold together, contain

contingī, -ere, -tigī, -tactum to touch, affect; happen

contrāadv. and prep. + acc., against, opposite

conveniī, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum to come together, meet, be fitting, agree

convertī, -ere, -vertī, -versum to turn around

convīvium, -ī, n. feast, party

cīpia, -ae, f. abundance; f. pl. supplies, troops

cor, cordis, n. heart

cīram adv., openly

cornū, -ūs, n. horn, wing (of a battle line)

corpus, corporis, n. body

crēdī, -ere, crēdidī, crēditum to trust, rely on, believe (usually with the dative)

creī, creāre, -āvī, -ātum, to create, elect

crēscī, -ere, crēvī, crētum to grow

crīmen, crīminis, n. accusation, guilt, alleged crime

culpa, -ae, f. guilt, blame, fault

cum conj., when, since, because, although

cum prep. + abl., with

cunctus, -a, -um all (as a group)

cupīdo, cupīdinis, f. desire, ambition

cupiī, -ere, -īvī, -ītum to desire, long for

cūr adv., why

cūra, -ae, f. care, attention, concern, anxiety

cūria, -ae, f. the senate house

cūrī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to take care of

currī, -ere, cucurrī, cursum to run

cursus, -ūs, m. course, route, direction

custīdia, -ae, f. guardianship, care, custody

custīs, custīdis, m. guard, guardian

damnum, -ī, n. loss, damage

dēprep. + abl., down from, from, concerning, about

dea, -ae, f. goddess

dēbeī, -ēre, -uī, -itum to owe; to be bound

decet, -ēre, -uit impersonal; it is right, fitting, proper

dēcipiī, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum to deceive, cheat

decus, decoris, n. honor, distinction

dēdūcī, -ere, -dūxī, -ductum to lead down or away

dēfendī, -ere, dēfendī, dēfensum to defend, drive off

dēferī, dēferre, dētulī, dēlātum to bring down, report

dēficiī, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum to fall short, fail, desert, rebel

deinde adv., from that place, then, next

dēnique adv., finally, at last

densus, -a, -um thick, dense

dēscendī, -ere, -scendī, -scensum to climb down

dēserī, dēserere, dēseruī, dēsertum to desert, abandon, break off from

dēsum, dēesse, dēfuī, dēfutūrus to be down, fail, fall short

deus, -ī, m. god

dexter, -tra, -trum right

dextra, -ae , f. right hand

dīcī-ere, dīxī, dictum to tell, say

diēs, diēī , m. day

digitus, -ī , m. finger, toe

dignitās, -tātis, f. reputation, dignity, honor, worth

dignus, -a, -um worthy, fitting

dīligēns, -ntis careful, attentive

dīligī, -ere, -lexī, -lectum to love, esteem, pick out

dīmittī, -ere, -mīsī, -missum to send away, abandon

dīrigī, -ere, -rexī, -rectum to direct, arrange

discēdī, -ere, -cessī, -cessum to leave, separate

discī, -ere, didicī to learn

diū adv., for a long time

dīversus, -a, -um different, turned in different directions

dīves, dīvitis wealthy

dīvidī, -ere, dīvīsī, dīvīsum to divide

dīvīnus, -a, -um divine

dīvitiae, -ārum, f. pl. riches

dīvus, -a, -um divine, deified

dī, dare, dedī, datum to give

doceī, -ēre, -uī, doctum to teach

doleī, -ēre, -uī, dolitīrus to feel pain, to cause pain

dolor, -is, m. pain, grief

dominus, -ī , m. master

domus, -ūs , f. house, home

dīnec, conj. until, while

donī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to give (as a gift)

donum, -ī, n. gift

dormiī, -īre, -īvī, -ītum to sleep

dubius, -a, -um doubtful

dūcī, -ere, dūxī, ductum to take someone someplace, lead

dulcis, -e sweet

dum, conj. while

duo, duae, duo two

dūrus, -a, -um hard, tough

dux, ducis, m. leader

ē , ex prep. + abl., out (of), from

ecce interj., look!

ecclesia, -ae, f. assembly

ē do, ē sse or edere,ēdī, ē sum to eat

efficiī, -ere, effēcī, effectum to do, effect, bring it about that

ego pron., I

ē gredior, -ī,ēgressus sum to leave, go out

ē ligī, -ere,ēlēgī,ēlectum to pick out, choose

enim conj., because, since, “you see” (used to introduce an explanation of something just said that may have been unclear)

eī, ī re, iī, itum to go

eques, equitis, m. horseman, a member of the Roman social class between patricians and plebeians

equus, -ī, m. horse

ergīadv., so, thus, therefore

ē ripiī, -ere, -uī, ē reptum to grab, to take out violently

errī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to wander, be wrong

et conj., and, also, even, too

etiam conj., still, yet, even

ē vādī, -ere,ēvāsī, ē vāsum to go out, escape

ē veniī, -īre, -vēnī, ē ventum to come out, result

excipiī, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum to take out, take up, catch, receive

exemplum, -ī, n. example, precedent

exeī, -īre, -iī , -itum to go out, end

exerceī, -ēre, -uī, -itum to make strong, train, harass

exercitus, -ūs, m. army

existimī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to think, judge, evaluate

experior, experīrī, expertus sum to try, test, prove

exspectī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to wait for

extremus, -a, -um outermost

fābula, -ae, f. story

faciēs, -ēī , f. face, image

facilis, -e easy

faciī, -ere, fēcī, factum to make, do

fallī, -ere, fefellī, falsum to deceive

falsus, -a, -um wrong, false

fāma, -ae, f. rumor, reputation

fames, -is, f. hunger

famulus, -a, -um servile

fātum, -ī, n. fate, destiny, misfortune

fax, facis, f. torch

fēlix, fēlīcis lucky, fertile

femina, -ae, f. woman, a female

ferē adv., nearly, almost

ferī, ferre, tulī, lātum to carry, bring, bear, endure

ferrum, -ī, n. iron, sword

ferus, -a, -um wild

fessus, -a, -um tired

fēstus, -a, -um pertaining to a holiday

fidēlis, -e trustworthy, loyal

fidēs, -eī, f. trust

fīgī, -ere, fixī, fictum to fasten, affix

fīlia, -ae, f. daughter

fīlius, -ī, m. son

fīnēs, fīnium, m. pl. territory

fingī, -ere, finxī, fictum to shape, form

fīnis, fīnis, m. end, boundary

fīī , fierī, factus sum to be made, be done, be, become, happen, (used for passive of faciī)

flamma, -ae, f. flame, fire

fleī, -ēre, flēvī, flētum to weep

flīs, flīris, m. flower

flūmen, flūminis, n. river

fluī, -ere, fluxī, fluctum to flow

foedus, -a, -um foul, horrible

fons, fontis, m. a spring, fountain

fore future infinitive and used for imperfect subjunctive of sum

foris adv., outside, outdoors

forma, -ae, f. shape, image

forsitan adv., perhaps, maybe

fortis, -e strong, brave

fortūna, -ae, f. luck, chance, fortune

frangī, -ere, frēgī, fractum to break

frāter, frātris, m. brother

frequens, -ntis crowded, “often”

frons, -ntis forehead, front

fructus, -ūs, m. profit, fruit, enjoyment

frustrā, adv. in vain

fuga, -ae, f. flight, escape

fugiī, -ere, fūgī, fugitum to run away, flee

fundī, -ere, fūdī, fusum to pour

fūnus, fūneris, n. funeral

fūr, fūris, c. thief

Gallia, -ae, f. Gaul

Gallus, -a, -um Gallic

gaudeī, -ēre, gāvīsus sum to rejoice, be happy

gaudium, gaudiī, n. joy, happiness

gens, gentis, f. family, clan, nation, race

genus, generis, n. birth, origin, type, kind

gerī, -ere, gessī, gestum to carry, wage, accomplish

gignī, -ere, genuī, genitum to give birth, cause

gladius, -ī, m. sword

glīria, -ae, f. glory, fame

Graecus, -a, -um Greek

grātia, -ae, f. charm, thanks

grātus, -a, -um pleasing

gravis, -e heavy, serious

habeī, -ēre, -uī, -itum to have, hold, consider, regard

habitī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to, live, dwell, inhabit

haud adv., not

herba, -ae, f. grass, a plant

heu interj., oh no!, alas!

hic, haec, hoc this, the latter

hiems, hiemis, f. winter

hinc adv., from here

historia, -ae, f. inquiry, history

homī, hominis, m. person, a human being

honos, honīris, m. honor, political office

hīra, -ae, f. hour, time

hortus, -ī, m. garden, a park

hospes, hospitis, c. host, guest, stranger

hostēs, hostium, c. pl. the enemy

hostis, hostis, c. an enemy

hūc adv., to this place

hūmānus, -a, -um human, kind

humus, -ī, f. the ground, soil

iaceī, -ēre, iacuī to recline, lie

iaciī, -ere, iēcī, iactum to throw

iam adv., now, already, at this point in time

ibi adv., there

idem pron., the same

ideī adv., for that reason

igitur adv., therefore

ignis, ignis, m. fire

ignīrī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum not to know

ignītus, -a, -um unknown

ille, illa, illud that, the former

illīc adv., there

imāgī, imāginis, m. portrait, image

imber, imbris, m. rainstorm

imitor, -ārī, -ātus sum to copy

immensus, -a, -um vast, unmeasurable

imperātor, -is, m. a military general, emperor

imperium, -ī, n. power, command

imperī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to give an order (with dative object)

impleī, -ēre, implēvī, implētum to fill up

impīnī, -ere, imposuī, impositum to put upon

improbus, -a, -um substandard, naughty

in prep. + acc., in, into, onto, against; + abl., in, on

inānis, -e empty

incipiī, -ere, incēpī, inceptum to begin

inde adv., from that place, then

indicī, -āre, -āvī, indicātum to make known, betray

induī, -ere, induī, indūtum to put on, dress

inferī, inferre, intulī, inlātum to bring in, introduce

inferus, -a, -um lower

ingenium, -ī, n. talent, disposition, nature, character

ingēns, ingentis huge

ingredior, ingredī, ingressus sum to step in, begin

inimicus, -a, -um unfriendly

inquam, inquis, inquit, etc. say (defective verb denoting a direct quotation)

insignis, -e outstanding, distinguished

instituī, -ere, instituī, institūtum to set up, instruct, decide

instruī, -ere, instruxī, instructum to build, equip

integer, integra, integrum whole, intact, pure

intellegī, -ere, intellexī, intellectum to understand, be aware of, appreciate

intendī, -ere, intendī, intentum to stretch, intend, aim at

inter prep. + acc., between

interficiī, -ere, interfēcī, interfectum kill

interrogī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to ask

intrā prep. + acc., within

intrī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to enter

inveniī, -īre, invēnī, inventum to come upon, find

invideī, -ēre, invīdī, invīsum to cast the evil eye, envy

ipse, ipsa, ipsum intensive pron., -self

ī ra, -ae, f. anger

ī rascor, -ī, irātus sum to become angry

is, ea, id demonstrative pron., this, that (referring to something recently stated)

iste, ista, istud demonstrative pron., that (often used with contempt)

ita adv., like this, in this way, thus

itaque adv., and so, therefore

item adv., likewise

iter, itineris, n. route, journey, way

iterum adv., again

iubeī, -ēre, iūssī, iūssum to order

iūcundus, -a, -um content, happy

iūdex, iūdicis, m. judge

iūdicium, -ī, n. judgement, a trial

iugum, -ī, n. yoke, mountain ridge, anything that joins

iungī, -ere, iunxī, iunctum to join, connect

Iuppiter, Iovis, m. Jupiter

iūrī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to swear

iūs, iūris, n. a right, law

iustus, -a, -um just, lawful, suitable

iuvenis, -is, c. a young person

iuvī, iuvāre, iūvī, iūtum to help, please

iuxtā prep. + acc., very near

labor, -is, m. work, effort, suffering

lābor, lābī, lāpsus sum to slip

labīrī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to work, suffer

lacrima, -ae, f. tear

lacus, -ūs, m. lake

laetus, -a, -um happy, fat

lapis, lapidis, m. stone

lateī, -ēre to lie hidden

lātus, -a, -um wide

laudī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to praise

laus, laudis, f. praise

legio, legiīnis, f. legion

legī, -ere, lēgī, lectum to choose, pick, gather, read

leo, leīnis, m. lion

levis, -e light, gentle

lex, lēgis, f. law

libens, libentis glad, willing

liber, librī, m. book

līber, -a, -um free

līberī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to set free

licet, licēre, licūit or licitum est impersonal verb, it is allowed, okay

lignum, -ī, n. wood

līmen, līminis, n. threshold

lingua, -ae, f. tongue, language

linquī, -ere, līuī to abandon, leave

littera, -ae, f. letter (of the alphabet)

litterae, -ārum, f. pl. a letter (epistula), literature

lītus, lītoris, n. shore

locus, -ī, n. place

loca, -īrum, n. pl. places (somehow connected)

locī, -īrum, m. pl. individual places, passages of literature

longus, -a, -um long, tall

loquor, loquī, locūtus sum to talk, speak

lūdī, -ere, lūsī, lūsum to play, deceive

lūmen, lūminis, n. light, lamp, eye

lūna, -ae, f. moon

lux, lūcis, f. light, daylight, eye

maestus, -a, -um sad, gloomy

magis adv., more

magister, -trī, m. master, director, teacher, captain

magnitūdī, -tudinis, f. greatness, size

magus, -a, -m magical

mālī, mālle, mālui to want more, prefer

malus, -a, -um bad

mandī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to entrust, order

māne (indeclinable n.), morning

maneī, -ēre, mansī, mansum to stay

manus, -ūs, f. hand, group

mare, maris, n. the sea

Mars, Martis, m. Mars

māter, mātris, f. mother

māteria, -ae, f. raw material, lumber

mecum with me

medeor, -ērī to heal (with a dative)

medius, -a, -um the middle (of)

membrum, -ī, n. limb, body part

meminī, meminisse (defective, + gen.), to be mindful, remember

memor, memīris mindful

memoria, -ae, f. memory

memorī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to remind, mention

mēns, mentis, f. mind

mensa, -ae, f. table

mēnsis, mēnsis, m. month

mereī, -ēre, -uī, -itum to deserve, earn

metuī, -ere, -uī, -ūtum to fear

metus, -ūs, m. fear

meus, -a, -um my

mīles, mīlitis, c. soldier

mille (indeclinable adj.), thousand

milia, milium, n. pl. (indeclinable adj. in the singular; neuter noun in the plural), thousands

minister, -trī, m. helper, subordinate

minus adv., less

mīror, -ārī, -ātus sum to marvel at, wonder, be amazed

mīrus, -a, -um amazing, wonderful

misceī, -ēre, miscuī, mixtum to mix

miser, misera, miserum poor, wretched

mitis, -e soft, mild

mittī, -ere, mīsī, missum to send, release, throw, to make something go away under its own power

modus, -ī way, method, measure

moenia, moenium, n. pl. fortifications

mollis, -e soft, smooth, flexible

moneī, -ēre, -uī, -itum to warn, advise

mīns, montis, m. mountain

mora, -ae, f. a delay, a pause

morior, morī, mortuus (fut. part. moritūrus) to die

mors, mortis, f. death

mortālis, -e mortal, destined to die

mortuus, -a, -um dead

mīs, mīris, m. characteristic, custom

mīrēs, mīrum, m. pl. character, morals

moveī, -ēre, mīvī, mītum to move

mox adv., soon

mulier, -is, f. woman

multitūdī, -tūdinis, f. a large number

multus, -a, -um much, many

mundus, -ī, m. the world

mundus, -a, -um elegant, refined

mūnus, mūneris, n. gift, duty, an office

mūrus, -ī, m. wall (an outer wall)

mutī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to change, move

nam conj., because, for

namque conj., an emphatic form of nam

narrī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to tell (in story form)

nascor, nascī, nātus sum to be born

nātūra, -ae, f. nature

nātus, -ī, m. son, child

nāvis, nāvis, f. ship

nē, conj. not

-ne enclitic conj., attached to the end of a first word of a statement to convert it to a yes/no question

nec See neque

necessārius, -a, -um unavoidable

necessārius, -ī, m. a close relative or friend

necessitās, -tātis, f. necessity

neglegī, -ere, -lexī, lectum to neglect

negī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to deny, say no

negotium, -ī, n. business

nēmī, nēminis, c. no one

nemus, nemoris, n. a grove

neque (nec) conj., and … not; neque …neque, neither … nor

nesciī, -īre, -īvī, -ītum not to know

niger, nigra, nigrum black

nihil (nīl), n. indeclinable; nothing

nimis adv., too much, very much, excessively

nimius, -a, -um very great, very much

nisi conj., if not, unless

nix, nivis, f. snow

nībilis, -e well known, noble

noceī, -ēre to harm, be harmful (with the dative)

nocturnus, -a, -um nocturnal, at night

nīlī, nīlle, nīluī irreg., not to want, to be unwilling

nīmen, nominis, n. name

nīminī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to name, mention

nīn adv., not

nīndum adv., not yet

nīs pron., we

noscī, -ere, nīvī, nītus to learn; in perfect system, to know, recognize

noster, nostra, nostrum our

nītus, -a, -um known

novus, -a, -um new, young, strange

nox, noctis, f. night

nūdus, -a, -um naked

nullus, -a, -um no, none

nūmen, nūminis, n. divine will, a nod, deity

numerus, -ī, m. number

numquam, adv. never

nunc adv., now

nuntius, -ī >messenger

ī interj., oh!

ob prep. + acc., on account of, in front of, in exchange for

obvius, -a, -um in the way, on hand

occīdī, -ere, occīdī, occīsum to kill

oculus, -ī, m. eye

offerī, offerre, obtulī, oblātum to offer

officium, -ī, n. duty, respect

ī lim adv., once upon a time, at that time

omnis, -e all, every, whole

oportet, oportēre, oportuit someone should, ought

ops, opis, f. abundance

opēs, opum, f. pl. wealth, resources

optimus, -a, -um very good, excellent, best

optī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to choose

opus, operis, n. a work; opus est, there is need

ī rātiī, ī rātiīnis, f. a speech, speech, eloquence

orbis, orbis, m. a circle

ordī, ordinis, m. row, rank, (social) class

orior, orīrī, ortus sum to rise

ornī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to decorate

ī rī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to beg, ask, speak, pray

ī s, ī ris, n. mouth, face

os, ossis, n. bone

ostendī, -ere, ostendī, ostentum to show

ī tium, -ī free time, leisure

ovis, ovis, f. sheep

paene adv., almost

pandī, -ere, pandī, pansum to open up, stretch

pānis, pānis, m. bread

pār, paris equal

parcī, -ere, pepercī, parsum to spare, be sparing (with the dative)

parens, parentis, c. a parent

pariī, -ere, peperī , partum to give birth, produce

parī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to get ready, obtain

pars, partis, f. part, direction

parum, adv. not enough, too little

parvus, -a, -um little

pateī, -ēre, patuī to lie open, exposed

pater, patris, m. father

patior, patī, passus sum to suffer, experience

patria, -ae, f. fatherland, (one's) country

paucī, -ae, a few

paulus, -a, -um little

pauper, pauperis poor

pax, pacis, f. peace

peccī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to make a mistake, sin

pectus, pectoris, n. chest, heart

pecūnia, -ae, f. money, property

pelagus, -ī, n. the sea

pendī, -ere, pependī, pensum to hang, weigh, per prep. + acc., through, by, on account of

pay

percutiī, -ere, percussī, percussum to hit, strike

perdī, -ere, perdidī, perditum to lose, destroy, waste

pereī, -īre, periī, peritum to die, go through, be lost

perficiī, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum to complete

pergī, -ere, perrexī, perrectum to continue

perīculum, -ī, n. danger

permittī, -ere, -mīsī, -missum to allow, send through, throw

perpetuus, -a, -um continuous

perveniī, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum to arrive

pēs, pedis, m. foot

petī, -ere, petīvī, petītum to look for, ask, attack (go somewhere for a strong reason)

philosophus, -a, -um philosophical

pietās, -tātis, f. duty, devotion (especially to gods or country)

piscis, piscis, m. fish

pius, -a, -um dutiful

placeī, -ēre, -uī, -itum to please

placidus, -a, -um peaceful, quiet

plēnus, -a, -um full

plērīque, plēraeque, plēraque very many

plūrimus, -a, -um very much; pl., very many

plūs, plūris, indeclinable n. sing. more

plūrēs, plūra adj. in pl. many

poena, -ae, f. penalty, punishment

poeta, -ae, m. poet

pondus, ponderis, n. weight

pīnī, -ere, posuī, positum to put, lay

pontus, -ī, n. the sea

populus, -ī, >m. a people

porta, -ae, f. gate

portī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to carry, bring

possum, posse, potuī to be able

post prep. + acc., after, behind

posteā adv., afterwards

postquam conj., after

postulī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to demand

potens, potentis powerful, capable

potestās, -tātis, f. power, ability

potis, pote able

prae prep. + abl., in front, before

praebeī, -ēre, -uī, -itum to offer

praecipiī, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum to teach, take ahead of time

praecipuus, -a, -um special

praedīcī, -ere, -dixī, -dictum to predict, warn

praemium, -ī, n. reward

praesens, -entis present, ready

praestī, -āre, -stitī, -stitum to surpass

praeter prep. + acc., except, beyond

praetereī, -īre, -iī, -itum to go past

precor, -ārī, -ātus sum to pray, beg

premī, -ere, pressī, pressum to press, push

pretium, -ī, n. price, worth

prex, precis, f. prayer, request

prīmus, -a, -um first

princeps, principis, c. leader, chief

principium, -ī, n. beginning

prior, prius former

prius adv., earlier, first

prīvī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to deprive

prīcēdī, -ere, -cessī, -cessum to go ahead

procul adv., far away

proelium, -ī, n. battle

promittī, -ere, -mīsī, -missum to promise, send ahead

prope prep. + acc., near

properī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to hurry

prīpīnī, -ere, -posuī, -positum to put forward, tell

proprius, -a, -um one's own, peculiar

propter prep. + acc., on account of, near

prīsum, prīdesse, prīfuī, prīfutūrus to benefit, be useful

prītinus adv., immediately

proximus, -a, -um next, closest

publicus, -a, -um public

pudor, pudīris, m. shame, modesty

puella, -ae, f. girl

puer, -ī, m. boy, child

pugna, -ae, f. fight

pugnī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to fight

pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum beautiful, handsome

pulsī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to hit, knock

pūrus, -a, -um pure, clean, simple

putī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to think, value

quaerī, -ere, quaesīvī, quaesītum to look for, ask

quālis, -e what kind of

quam adv., how, as, than

quamquam conj., although

quamvīs adv., however much, to one's heart's content

quandī adv., when

quantus, -a, -um how great, how much

quārē adv., how, why, for what reason

quasi adv., as if

-que enclitic conj., and; -que … -que, both … and

queror, -ī, questus sum to complain

quī, quae, quod pron. and adj., who, which, that

quia conj., because

quicumque, quaecumque, quodcumque pron., whoever, whichever, whatever

quīdam, quaedam, quoddam adj. and pron., a certain (person or thing)

quidem adv., of course, indeed; nē… quidem, not even …

quiescī, -ere, quiēvī, quiētum to rest

quīlibet, quaelibet, quodlibet pron. and adj., anyone, anything

quīn conj., why not, but

quis, quid pron., who, what

quisquam, quidquam pron., anyone, anything

quisque, quaeque, quodque pron. and adj., each, every

quisquis, quidquid pron., whoever, whatever

quī adv., to what place

quod conj., because, that

quīmodī adv., how

quondam adv., former, at some point (in time)

quoniam adv., since, because

quoque adv., also

quot adv., how many

rapiī, -ere, rapuī, raptum to take (forcefully)

rārus, -a, -um scattered, rare

ratiī, ratiīnis, f. reason, account, business

recēdī, -ere, -cessī, -cessum to go back

recipiī, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum to accept, take back

rectus, -a, -um straight, correct

reddī, -ere, reddidī, redditum to give back, surrender, repeat

redeī, -īre, -iī, -itum to go back

referī, referre, rettuli, relātum to bring back, reply

rēgīna, -ae, f. queen

regiī, regiīnis, f. region, line, direction

rēgius, -a, -um royal

regnī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to rule

regnum, -ī, n. royal power, kingdom

regī, -ere, rexī, rectum to rule, guide

religiī, religiīnis, f. superstition, scruples

relinquī, -ere, relīquī, relictum to abandon, leave

reliquus, -a, -um left behind, remaining

reperiī, -īre, repperī, repertum to find

requīrī, -ere, -quīsīvī, -quīsītum to demand, ask, miss

rēs, reī, f. thing, matter, affair

respiciī, -ere, -spexī, -spectum to look back

respondeī, -ēre, respondī, respīnsum to answer, correspond

retineī, -ēre, -uī, -tentum to hold back, keep

revertī, -ere, -vertī, -versum to turn back

revocī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to call back

rēx, rēgis, m. king

rīdeī, -ēre, rīsi, rīsum to laugh, smile

rīpa, -ae, f. riverbank

rogī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to ask

rogus, -ī, m. funeral pyre

rosa, -ae, f. rose

rumpī, -ere, rūpī, ruptum to break, burst

rursus adv., back, backward

rūs, rūris, n. the country, countryside

rūsticus, -a, -um rural

sacer, sacra, sacrum sacred, holy

sacerdīs, -dītis, c. priest, priestess

saeculum, -ī, n. a generation, lifetime, an age

saepe adv., often

saevus, -a, -um fierce, savage

salus, salūtis, f. health

sanctus, -a, -um holy, sacred, inviolable

sanguis, sanguinis, m. blood

sapiens, sapientis wise

sapientia, -ae, f. wisdom

satis adv., enough

saxum, -ī, n. a rock

scelus, sceleris, n. crime, evil deed

scientia, -ae, f. knowledge, skill

scilicet adv., of course, apparently

sciī, -īre, scīvī, scītum to know

scrībo, -ere, scrīpsī, scrīptum to write, draw

sēcum with him, her, etc. (ablative of reflexive

pronoun with enclitic -cum)

secundus, -a, -um second, following, favorable

sēcūrus, -a, -um carefree, safe

sed conj., but, rather

sedeī, -ēre, sēdī, sessum to sit, stay put

sēdēs, sēdis, f. a seat, chair, home

semel adv., once, one time

semper adv., always

senex, senis old

sensus, -ūs, m. feeling, sense

sententia, -ae, f. opinion, thought, meaning

sentiī, -īre, sēnsī, sēnsum to perceive, experience, realize

sepeliī, -īre, -īvī, sepultum to bury

sepulcrum, -ī, n. grave, tomb

sequor, sequī, secūtus sum to follow

sermī, sermīnis, m. conversation, talk

serviī, -īre, -īvī, -ītum (with dative), to be a

slave, serve

servī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to save, keep, guard, protect

servus, -īm. slave

seu conj., see sī ve

sī conj., if

sīc adv., like this, in this way

sīcut adv., as, like

sīdus, sīderis, n. star, constellation

signum, -ī, n. sign, signal, seal

silentium, -ī, n. silence

silva, -ae, f. forest

similis, -e similar, like

simul adv., at the same time

sine prep. + abl, without

singulus, -a, -um single

sinus, -ūs, m. curve, fold, bay

sīve (seu) conj., or if; sīve … sīve, whether … or

sīl, sīlis, m. sun

soleī, -ēre, solitus sum to be in the habit of doing something, usually do something

sollicitus, -a, -um upset, anxious

sīlus, -a, -um alone, only

solvī, -ere, solvī, solūtum to loosen, untie, pay

somnus, -ī, m. sleep

sonī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to make a sound

soror, sorīris, f. sister

sors, sortis, f. prophecy, fate, share, lot

spargī, -ere, sparsīsparsum to scatter, sprinkle

spatium, -ī, n. space, period, pause

speciēs, -ēī , f. sight, appearance

spērī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to expect, hope

spēs, speī, f. expectation, hope

spīritus, -ūs, m. breath, life, spirit

statim adv., immediately

stella, -ae, f. star

sternī, -ere, strāvī, stratum to spread, stretch

stī, stāre, stetī, statum to stand, stay

studeī, -ēre, -uī to be eager, be busy with

studium, -ī, n. eagerness, fondness

sub prep., under, at the foot of (+ acc. for motion toward; + abl. for place where)

subeī, -īre, -iī, -itum to go under, approach

subitī adv., suddenly

sublīmis, -e high

sum, esse, fuī, futū rus to be, exist

summus, -a, -um highest

sumī, -ere, sumpsī, sumptum to take, assume

super prep. + acc., over, above

superbus, -a, -um proud, arrogant

supernus, -a, -um over, above

superī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to overcome, conquer

supersum, superesse, superfuī, superfutūrus to survive, remain

suprā adv. and prep. + acc., over, above

surgī, -ere, surrexī, surrē ctum to rise

suscipiī, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum to undertake, accept

sustineī, -ēre, -tinuī, -tentum to support, uphold

suus, sua, suum reflexive possessive pron., his own, her own, etc.

taceī, -ēre, -uī, -itum to be quiet

tālis, -e such a kind

tam adv., so, to such a degree

tamen conj., nevertheless, anyway, yet

tamquam adv., like, just as

tandem adv., finally

tangī, -ere, tetigī, tactum to touch

tantus, -a, -um so great, so big

tardus, -a, -um slow, late

tectum, -ī, n. roof, house

tēcum with you

tellus, tellūris, f. the earth

tēlum, -ī, n. a weapon (especially a pointy one that is thrown)

templum, -ī, n. sacred area, temple

temptī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to try, test

tempus, temporis, n. time

tendī, -ere, tetendī, tentum or tensum to stretch, try

tenebrae, -ārum, f. pl. the dark, darkness, gloom

teneī, -ēre, -uī, tentum to hold, have

tener, tenera, tenerum tender, soft

tergum, -ī, n. the back

terra, -ae, f. land, soil

tertius, -a, -um third

timeī, -ēre, -uī to be afraid, fear

timor, -is, m. fear

tollī, -ere, sustulī, sublātum to raise, carry away, destroy

torus, -ī, m. bed, couch; knot, lump

tot adv., so many

tītus, -a, -um whole, entire

trādī, -ere, trādidī, trāditum to hand over, surrender

trahī, -ere, traxī, tractum to pull, drag

transeī, -īre, -iī, -itum to cross

trēs, tria three

tristis, -e sad

triumphus, -ī, m. a triumphal parade, a victory

Trīia, -ae, f. Troy

tū pron., you (sing.)

tum adv., at that time, then

tunc adv., at that time, then

turba, -ae, f. crowd, mob

turpis, -e ugly, shameful

turris, turris, f. tower

tūtus, -a, -um safe

tuus, tua, tuum your (sing.)

ubi conj., where, when

ullus, -a, -um any

ultimus, -a, -um last, farthest

ultra adv. and prep. + acc., on the far side of

umbra, -ae, f. shadow, shade

umquam adv., ever

unda, -ae, f. water, wave

unde adv., from what place

undique adv., from all sides

ū niversus, -a, -um all together

ū nus, -a, -um one

urbs, urbis, f. city

usque adv., all the way, completely

ū sus, -ūs, m. use, practice, skill

ut (utī) conj., as, because, when

uterque, utraque, utrumque each (of two)

ū tilis, -e useful

ū tor, ū tī, ū sus sum (with abl.) to use; to benefit oneself (by means of)

uxor, uxīris, f. wife

vacī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to be empty

vacuus, -a, -um empty, hollow

vagus, -a, -um wandering

valdē adv., very much, really

valeī, -ēre, valuī, valitum to be strong

varius, -a, -um diverse, fickle

vātes, vātis, c. prophet

-ve enclitic conj., or

vehī, -ere, vexī, vectum to carry; (middle voice with abl.), to ride

vel conj., or (a nonlimiting choice between things)

velut adv., like, as

veniī, -īre, vēnī, vēntum to come

ventus, -ī, m. wind

Venus, Veneris, f. Venus, charm, beauty

vēr, vēris, n. spring (the season)

verbum, -ī, n. word

vērī adv., indeed, yes

versus, -ūs, m. a turn, row, line (esp. of poetry)

vertī, -ere, vertī, versum to turn

vērus, -a, -um true, real

vester, vestra, vestrum your (pl.)

vestis, vestis, f. clothing

vetus, veteris old

via, -ae, f. road, way

vīcīnus, -a, -um neighboring

vicis change

victor, victīris, m. winner

victīria, -ae, f. victory

videī, -ēre, vīdī, vīsum to see; (passive voice) to seem, be seen

vigilī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to be awake, watch

vincī, -ere, vīcī, victum to conquer

vinculum, -ī, n. anything that binds, e.g., chain

vīnum, -ī, n. wine

vir, -ī, m. man

virgī, virginis, f. a young woman

virtūs, -tūtis, f. manliness, courage

vīs, vīs, f., vīrēs, vīrium, f. pl. force, strength

vīta, -ae, f. life

vitium, -ī, n. crime, vice, an imperfection

vīvī, -ere, vīxī, vīctum to live

vīvus, -a, -um alive, living

vix adv., barely, with difficulty

vocī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to call, summon

volī, -āre, -āvī, -ātum to fly

volī, velle, voluī to be willing, want

volucer, -cris, -cre flying

voluptās, -tātis, f. pleasure

vīs pron., you (pl.)

vītum, -ī, n. a vow

vīx, vīcis, f. voice

vulnus, vulneris, n. a wound

vultus, -ūs, m. facial expression