The Imperative Mood

The imperative is often called the command mood, but it is also used to make requests. When you request, ask, or demand something, you are using the imperative. The imperative verb forms are used to give orders or advice, to urge strongly, and to exhort. It is a simple tense and has only one form, the present.

The conjugations of the imperative mood are fairly easy to master. Simply provide the appropriate endings and place an exclamation mark at the end for emphasis. Note that there are only five forms of the imperative: tu, Lei, noi, voi, and Loro, because you must address someone other than yourself. The tricky thing is that some affirmative commands (do!) are different than negative commands (don't!). The Everything Learning Italian Book

Tu in the Imperative

The tu form (informal, singular) is perhaps the most widely used form of the command; you are more likely to use the imperative with somebody you know well. As the tu subject suggests, it is used to give a command to one person you know quite well and whom you would normally address informally.

Table 13-8

Affirmative tu Commands

-are verb

-ere verb

-ire verb

Mangia! Eat!

Rispondi! Answer!

Parti! Leave!

Table 13-9</h2> <p><B>Negative <B>tu</B> Commands</B></p> <table width="100%" frame="all"> <h2> <tgroup cols="2"> <colspec colname="col1" colnum="1"/> <colspec colname="col2" colnum="2"/> <tbody> <tr> <td><p><emphasis role="Bolditalic">are verb</emphasis></p></td> <td><p><emphasis role="Bolditalic">-ere</emphasis> <B>verb</B></p></td> <td><p><emphasis role="Bolditalic">-ire</emphasis> <B>verb</B></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p><B>Non mangiare! Don't eat!</B></p></td> <td><p><B>Non rispondere! Don't answer!</B></p></td> <td><p><B>Non partire! Don't leave!</B></p></td> </tr> </tbody> </tgroup> </table> <p>Note that the affirmative <B>tu</B> command endings of -<B>are</B> verbs are the same as the third person singular (<B>lui/lei/Le</B>) endings of the present tense <B>-are</B> verbs, and the affirmative <B>tu</B> command endings of -<B>ere</B> and <B>-ire</B> verbs are the same as the second person singular (<B>tu</B>) endings of the present tense <B>-ere</B> and <B>-ire</B> verbs.</p> <div class="npsb"> <p></p> <p>Remember that there are three moods in Italian: indicative (statements, what you might think of as the “regular” verb tenses), imperative (the command mood), and the subjunctive (a hypothetical mood, which you will look at in Chapter 15).</p> </div> <p>Whereas the affirmative <B>tu</B> commands actually have a conjugated form, the negative <B>tu</B> commands use the construction <B>non</B> + infinitive.</p> <p>There are several verbs that have irregular conjugations — that is, they don't follow the rules outlined previously.</p> <p><B>Table 13-10</B></p> <p><B>Irregular</B> <emphasis role="Bolditalic">tu</emphasis> <B>Commands</B></p> <div class="npmo"> <img src="http://0.tqn.com/d/np/learning-italian/9781605500928888_0208_001.jpg" format="JPG"> </div> <title><B>Exercise 13-4</B></h2> <h2>Give the affirmative <B>tu</B> commands of the verb provided.</h2> <ul> <li><p>(<B>Mangiare</B>) _________________________________________ <B>la frutta!</B></p></li> <li><p><B>Non</B> (<B>fare</B>) _________________________________________<B>cosù!</B></p></li> <li><p>(<B>Prendere</B>) _________________________________________ <B>le chiavi!</B></p></li> <li><p><B>Non</B> (<B>bere</B>) _________________________________________ <B>quel vino!</B></p></li> <li><p>(<B>Dire</B>) _________________________________________ <B>la verità!</B></p></li> <li><p><B>Non</B> (<B>aprire</B>) _________________________________________ <B>la finestra!</B></p></li> </ul> <div class="npsb"> <p></p> <p>The pattern for the commands of <B>-ire/-isc</B> verbs (see Chapter 7) is as follows: (<B>Tu</B>) <B>Finisci!,</B> (<B>Lei</B>) <B>Finisca!,</B> (<B>Noi</B>) <B>Finiamo!,</B> (<B>Voi</B>) <B>Finite!,</B> (<B>Loro</B>) <B>Finiscano!</B></p> </div> <h2>Voi Commands</h2> <p>The <B>voi</B> command is used to address two or more people, or a group. As the subject suggests, it is an informal command. The <B>voi</B> command of <B>-are</B>, <B>-ere</B>, and <B>-ire</B> verbs are identical to the corresponding forms of the present tense.</p> <p><B>Table 13-11</B></p> <p><B>Affirmative</B> <emphasis role="Bolditalic">voi</emphasis> <B>Commands</B></p> <table width="100%" frame="all"> <tgroup cols="2"> <colspec colname="col1" colnum="1"/> <colspec colname="col2" colnum="2"/> <tbody> <tr> <td><p><emphasis role="Bolditalic">-are</emphasis> <B>verb</B></p></td> <td><p><emphasis role="Bolditalic">-ere</emphasis> <B>verb</B></p></td> <td><p><emphasis role="Bolditalic">-ire</emphasis> <B>verb</B></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p><B>Mangiate! Eat!</B></p></td> <td><p><B>Rispondete! Answer!</B></p></td> <td><p><B>Partite! Leave!</B></p></td> </tr> </tbody> </tgroup> </table> <p><B>Table 13-12</B></p> <p><B>Negative</B> <emphasis role="Bolditalic">voi</emphasis> <B>Commands</B></p> <table width="100%" frame="all"> <tgroup cols="2"> <colspec colname="col1" colnum="1"/> <colspec colname="col2" colnum="2"/> <tbody> <tr> <td><p><emphasis role="Bolditalic">-are</emphasis> <B>verb</B></p></td> <td><p><emphasis role="Bolditalic">-ere</emphasis> <B>verb</B></p></td> <td><p><emphasis role="Bolditalic">-ire</emphasis> <B>verb</B></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p><B>Non mangiate! Don't eat!</B></p></td> <td><p><B>Non rispondete Don't answer!</B></p></td> <td><p><B>Non partite! Don't leave!</B></p></td> </tr> </tbody> </tgroup> </table> <p><B>Table 13-13</B></p> <p><B>Irregular</B> <emphasis role="Bolditalic">voi</emphasis> <B>Commands</B></p> <table width="100%" frame="all"> <tgroup cols="2"> <colspec colname="col1" colnum="1"/> <colspec colname="col2" colnum="2"/> <tbody> <tr> <td><p><B>Verb</B></p></td> <td><p><B>English</B></p></td> <td><p><B>voi Command</B></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p><B>avere</B></p></td> <td><p><B>to have</B></p></td> <td><p><B>Abbiate! (Non abbiate!)</B></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p><B>essere</B></p></td> <td><p><B>to be</B></p></td> <td><p><B>Siate! (Non siate!)</B></p></td> </tr> </tbody> </tgroup> </table> <p>Repeat each command after it is read by the narrator to practice your pronunciation.</p> <p></p> <table width="100%" frame="all"> <tgroup cols="2"> <colspec colname="col1" colnum="1"/> <colspec colname="col2" colnum="2"/> <tbody> <tr> <td><p><B>Andate via!</B></p></td> <td><p><B>Go away!</B></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p><B>Non parlate!</B></p></td> <td><p><B>Don't talk!</B></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p><B>Bevete l'acqua!</B></p></td> <td><p><B>Drink the water!</B></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p><B>Non scrivete!</B></p></td> <td><p><B>Don't write!</B></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p><B>Servite le lasagne!</B></p></td> <td><p><B>Serve the lasagna!</B></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p><B>Non offrite il caffè!</B></p></td> <td><p><B>Don't offer the coffee!</B></p></td> </tr> </tbody> </tgroup> </table> <div class="npsb"> <p></p> <p>Though there is a difference in the forms of the affirmative and negative <B>tu</B> commands, there is no difference in the spelling of the affirmative and negative forms of the <B>voi</B> command. 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