Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is often considered a condition that affects children, especially boys. But the neurological disorder also affects adults. Experts estimate that at least 4 million women have adult ADHD, although many of them may be undiagnosed. PMS can aggravate ADHD symptoms, worsening mood swings and making the person more irritable, anxious, and distracted than usual.
ADHD symptoms include the following:
Hyperactivity, such as fidgeting, feeling restless, and excessive speech
Forgetfulness
Poor impulse control
Distractibility
Appearing not to listen when addressed
Avoiding tasks that require concentration and organization
Mood swings
Experts aren't sure what causes ADHD, but environment, diet, and genetic predisposition are all implicated. Some research suggests that ADHD is triggered by genes that cause a dopamine deficiency. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that regulates emotion, motivation, insulin regulation, physical energy, and fine-motor coordination.
Other studies suggest dietary factors, such as a lack of omega-6 fatty acids, trigger the disorder. Finally, other possible causes include nicotine (pregnant women who smoke have a higher risk of having children with ADHD), alcohol, lead poisoning, and even some head injuries.
Fact
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder affects boys more frequently than girls. About 2.5 boys have ADHD for every girl with the disorder. About 60 percent of children diagnosed with ADHD carry the disorder into adulthood.
Women with ADHD often find that the hormonal fluctuations during their menstrual cycles, perimenopause, and postpartum make their symptoms significantly worse, as can a menstrually induced iron deficiency. In addition, personal issues like physical and emotional abuse, substance abuse, and stress may worsen ADHD symptoms.
ADHD Treatments
Doctors generally treat ADHD with medications that stimulate the areas in the brain responsible for focus and concentration, including methylphenidate (sold under the brand names Ritalin and Concerta), amphetamines (Adderall) and dextroamphetamines (Dexedrine). Other drugs include the antidepressant bupropion (Wellbutrin) and atomoxetine (Strattera), a type of drug known as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor.
Women with PMS and ADHD may also benefit from counseling and coaching, in which they learn about the stressors that worsen their PMS and how to ameliorate their ADHD symptoms by learning how to organize, prioritize, and develop life skills.
