Computer Programmers
Computer programmers write, test, and maintain complex instructions, called programs, that computers follow in order to function. Computer programs essentially tell the computer what to do to achieve a desired result, such as perform word-processing operations. There are myriad programs based on the kind of data that needs to be accessed or generated.
Simple programs can be written in a few hours, while complex programs that employ mathematical formulas can take more than a year of work. In these instances, several programmers work together under a senior programmer's supervision.
There are different kinds of computer languages commonly used on most computer systems:
COBOL is commonly used for business applications.
Fortran, which is short for “formula translation,” is used in science and engineering.
C++ is widely used for both scientific and business applications.
Extensible markup language is a popular programming tool for Web programmers.
J2EE (Java 2 Platform) is another tool for Web programmers.
Programmers usually learn more than one language because it makes them more marketable. They are known by the language for which they are experts — for example, Java programmers — or by the systems they service: database programmers, Web programmers, and so on.
In addition to writing programs, programmers also update and modify existing programs. There are software programs to help them do this. They are called computer-assisted software programming tools.
Question
What are the different types of computer programmers?
These are the two main types of programmers. Applications programmers write programs for a specific job the system needs to perform. Systems programmers write programs to maintain and control computer operating systems, networks, and databases.
The government is one of the largest employers of programmers. Programmers often work long hours, including evenings and weekends. Deadlines and crises arise at any moment, and these men and women must be on call. Telecommuting is increasingly common; more and more work can be done from great distances. Programmers can fix more problems remotely in this global village.
Like the other jobs described in this chapter, your odds of getting a plum job are greatly improved if you have an advanced degree and work experience. If the branch of government that piques your interest is involved with science or engineering, prospective employers will probably be most interested in you if you can show off a degree in either information science or math and the physical sciences. Some positions may require graduate degrees. If the government entity is involved in business, it will look for people who have taken courses in management information systems who also possess programming acumen.
In addition to the older computer languages, many employers are looking for people with proficiency in C++ and Java. The bottom line is that it's a good idea to get as much training as you can. If you are a student or in a position to work for the experience alone, seek out internships with companies in your area.
You must also have a familiarity with the database systems DB2, Oracle, and Sybase. In addition, you should obtain as many certifications as you can. This can be done by taking individual courses at your local college or business school. Product manufacturers also offer certifications in their products. Check that out, too.
