The Gospel of Philip mentions Mary Magdalene in saying number 63:35 as the companion that Jesus often kissed. This has led to much modern speculation about the relationship between Jesus and Mary Magdalene. The Gospel of Philip does not reveal whether or not the two were married and neither do the canonical gospels. In fact, there is no historical proof whatsoever of the two being married. There is, however, a lot of speculation. Some assert that Jesus was a Jewish rabbi, and in his time Jewish men were expected to marry and bear children. In fact, his mother Mary's own father Joachim was ostracized for being barren until he and his wife Ann prayed for the birth of a child. Tradition says that God heard and granted their prayer, allowing them to bring forth Mary. Some modern Gnostics take the opposite view — that is, that Jesus and Mary Magdalene would not have married because in society in the first century, marriage was about ownership. Women became the property of their husband, and neither Mary Magdalene nor Jesus would have wanted that, according to those believers. So, until some historical document surfaces that proves Jesus and Mary Magdalene were husband and wife, the question remains unanswered.