German Practice

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Commands by Jeffery Donley, Ph.D.

The imperative is a command or a suggestion. Whether the verb is part of the weak or the strong conjugation, you attach -e, -(e)t, or -en + Sie to the infinitive stem in order to create the imperative.

Exercise 36

Match the following German commands with their English translations.

<tgroup cols="2" align="center"> <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="50%" colsep="0" rowsep="0" align="left"/> <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="50%" colsep="0" rowsep="0" align="left"/> <tbody> <tr> <td><p>1. <emphasis>Gehen Sie</emphasis>!</p></td> <td><p>Go! (to a person addressed by <emphasis>du</emphasis>)</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>2. <emphasis>Gehe</emphasis>!</p></td> <td><p>Go! (to a person addressed by <emphasis>Sie</emphasis>, singular and plural)</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>3. <emphasis>Geht</emphasis>!</p></td> <td><p>Go! (to people addressed by <emphasis>ihr</emphasis>)</p></td> </tr> </tbody> </tgroup> </table> <h2>Exercise 37</h2> <div class="npmo"><img src="http://0.tqn.com/d/np/german-practice/track.jpg"><div class="npcp"><p>TRACK 24</p></div></div> <p>You must use <emphasis>Sie</emphasis> if you want to give a command or make a suggestion in the formal mode. You add an exclamation mark as the punctuation after the imperative. Place an <emphasis>e</emphasis> in front of the <emphasis>-t</emphasis> ending when the infinitive stem of a verb ends in <emphasis>t, d, n</emphasis>, or <emphasis>m</emphasis> when preceded by a consonant other than <emphasis>l</emphasis>, <emphasis>m</emphasis>, <emphasis>n</emphasis>, <emphasis>r</emphasis>, or <emphasis>h</emphasis>.</p> <p>Listen to and translate the following.</p> <table width="100%" frame="none"> <title/> <tgroup cols="2" align="center"> <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="50%" colsep="0" rowsep="0" align="left"/> <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="50%" colsep="0" rowsep="0" align="left"/> <tbody> <tr> <td><p>1. <emphasis>Warte</emphasis>!</p></td> <td><p>________________</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>2. <emphasis>Finde</emphasis>!</p></td> <td><p>________________</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>3. <emphasis>Öffne!</emphasis></p></td> <td><p>________________</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>4. <emphasis>Gib</emphasis>!</p></td> <td><p>________________</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>5. <emphasis>Lies</emphasis>!</p></td> <td><p>________________</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>6. <emphasis>Nimm</emphasis>!</p></td> <td><p>________________</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>7. <emphasis>Sieh</emphasis>!</p></td> <td><p>________________</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>8. <emphasis>Trage!</emphasis></p></td> <td><p>________________</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>9. <emphasis>Laufe!</emphasis></p></td> <td><p>________________</p></td> </tr> </tbody> </tgroup> </table> <h2>Exercise 38</h2> <p>When you use a reflexive verb in the imperative, state the reflexive pronoun as well.</p> <p>There are a number of irregular imperative structures. For example, there is the imperative of <emphasis>sein</emphasis>: <emphasis>Sei</emphasis>! and <emphasis>Seien Sie</emphasis>!</p> <p>Translate the following.</p> <table width="100%" frame="none"> <title/> <tgroup cols="2" align="center"> <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="50%" colsep="0" rowsep="0" align="left"/> <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="50%" colsep="0" rowsep="0" align="left"/> <tbody> <tr> <td><p>1. <emphasis>sich anziehen</emphasis></p></td> <td><p>________________</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>2. <emphasis>Ziehe dich an</emphasis>!</p></td> <td><p>________________</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>3. <emphasis>Stehe auf</emphasis>!</p></td> <td><p>________________</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>4. Accusative: <emphasis>Freue dich</emphasis>!</p></td> <td><p>________________</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>5. <emphasis>aufstehen</emphasis> 6. 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