Emphatic or demonstrative pronouns are used instead of nouns. Dieser (this one) pertains to a person, thing, idea, or an item that is close to the speaker. Jener (that one) pertains to a person or thing that is at a greater distance from the speaker.

Exercise 16

The following sentences have mistakes concerning dieser and jener. Correct them on the short line and then translate the following German sentences on the long line.

• War es dieses Restaurant? Nein, es war jener.________________

  _____________________________________________________________

• Dieses Geschäftshaus ist hoch, jene ist nicht so hoch.________________

  _____________________________________________________________

• Dieses hat es nicht getan, aber jenes.________________

  _____________________________________________________________

Exercise 17

Just as you declined the demonstrative pronouns dieser and jener, you inflect definite articles similarly when they are used as relative pronouns. Also, note that dies and das remain unchanged at the front of a sentence when you use them as demonstratives.

Read the sentences out loud and then translate them.

• Der hat es nicht getan.

  ____________________________________

• Denen ist nicht zu helfen.

  ____________________________________

• Das sind meine Kusinen.

  ____________________________________

• Dies ist mein Schüler.

  ____________________________________

• Dem kann ich das nicht geben.

  ____________________________________

Exercise 18

Derselbe (“the same”) is a compound of the definite article der and selbe (“same”). Selbe acquires the weak adjective declension, with the initial portion of the compound being declined similar to the definite article. You are to decline the rarely used derjenige (he who) just as you decline derselbe.

Decline the following. The answers for the nominative singular and plural for all genders have been provided.