Gender and Number

There is almost always a noun at the heart of every French sentence. Two properties determine how you should build a sentence: the noun's gender and its number.

Assigning Gender

Unlike English, French nouns have a gender — either masculine or feminine. There is very little rhyme or reason to which nouns are masculine and which are feminine.

French adjectives have both masculine and feminine forms. An adjective's gender must match, or agree with, the gender of the noun it modifies. If you have a masculine noun, use the masculine form of the adjective; if the noun is feminine, the feminine form of the adjective is appropriate.

<tgroup cols="2"> <colspec colname="col1" colnum="1" colwidth="50%" colsep="0" rowsep="0" align="left"/> <colspec colname="col2" colnum="2" colwidth="50%" colsep="0" rowsep="0" align="left"/> <tbody> <tr> <td><p>un homme courtois / une femme courtoise</p></td> <td><p>a polite man / a polite woman</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>un grand avion / une grande aérogare</p></td> <td><p>a big airplane / a big airport terminal</p></td> </tr> </tbody> </tgroup> </table> <h2>Singular and Plural</h2> <p>Just as there's a difference in English between “the car” and “the cars,” French words change slightly to account for quantity. Unlike English, adjectives change, too. Some adjectives follow simple patterns for matching the number, but some follow very irregular patterns.</p> <h2>Agreement of Adjectives</h2> <p>There are rules for adjectives and their agreement with other words. As a basic rule, to make an adjective agree with a feminine noun, you simply add an “e” to the end of the masculine form (unless it already ends in an “e.” You add an “s” to make the adjective plural (unless it already ends in an “s”). This works with the majority of adjectives.</p> <div class="npmo"> <img src="http://0.tqn.com/d/np/french/track.jpg"> <div class="npcp"><p><B>TRACK 22</B></p></div> </div> <p><B>Table 3-2</B></p> <table frame="none" width="100%"> <h2>Agreement of Adjectives</h2> <tgroup cols="3"> <colspec colname="col1" colnum="1" colwidth="40%" colsep="0" rowsep="0" align="left"/> <colspec colname="col2" colnum="2" colwidth="40%" colsep="0" rowsep="0" align="left"/> <colspec colname="col3" colnum="3" colwidth="20%" colsep="0" rowsep="0" align="left"/> <thead> <tr> <td><p>Masculine</p></td> <td><p>Feminine</p></td> <td><p>English</p></td> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><p><emphasis>grand(s)</emphasis></p></td> <td><p><emphasis>grande(s)</emphasis></p></td> <td><p>large, big</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p><emphasis>court(s)</emphasis></p></td> <td><p><emphasis>courte(s)</emphasis></p></td> <td><p>short, brief, concise</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p><emphasis>courtois</emphasis></p></td> <td><p><emphasis>courtoise(s)</emphasis></p></td> <td><p>courteous, polite</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p><emphasis>fermé(s)</emphasis></p></td> <td><p><emphasis>fermée(s)</emphasis></p></td> <td><p>closed</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p><emphasis>intelligent(s)</emphasis></p></td> <td><p><emphasis>intelligente(s)</emphasis></p></td> <td><p>intelligent, smart</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p><emphasis>vrai(s)</emphasis></p></td> <td><p><emphasis>vraie(s)</emphasis></p></td> <td><p>true, real, right</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p><emphasis>français</emphasis></p></td> <td><p><emphasis>française(s)</emphasis></p></td> <td><p>French</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p><emphasis>amusant(s)</emphasis></p></td> <td><p><emphasis>amusante(s)</emphasis></p></td> <td><p>amusing, entertaining</p></td> </tr> </tbody> </tgroup> </table> <p>Consider the following examples:</p> <table frame="none" width="100%"> <title/> <tgroup cols="2"> <colspec colname="col1" colnum="1" colwidth="50%" colsep="0" rowsep="0" align="left"/> <colspec colname="col2" colnum="2" colwidth="50%" colsep="0" rowsep="0" align="left"/> <tbody> <tr> <td><p><emphasis>Il est grand</emphasis>.</p></td> <td><p>He is tall.</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p><emphasis>Elle est amusante</emphasis>.</p></td> <td><p>She is funny.</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><p><emphasis>Elles sont françaises</emphasis>.</p></td> <td><p>They are French.</p></td> </tr> </tbody> </tgroup> </table> <!--/gc--> <div id="pagination"><ul><li class="prev"><a href="http://www.netplaces.com/french/developing-a-basic-vocabulary/the-french-definite-and-indefinite-articles.htm" title="The French Definite and Indefinite Articles">The French Definite and Indefinite Articles</a></li><li class="next"><a href="http://www.netplaces.com/french/developing-a-basic-vocabulary/ilelle-est.htm" title="Il/Elle Est">Il/Elle Est</a> </li></ul></div></div> <div id="coda"> <div id="rel"><div class="n5">Related Articles</div><ul> <li><a 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