Giving Orders: The Imperative Verb Form by Bruce Sallee and David Hebert
In English, we can tell people what to do by saying things like “go to the store” or “bring me a drink.” Because it's a direct order to someone, there doesn't really need to be a subject pronoun, because you know who's supposed to do what in the conversation. In French, this operates much the same way and is done using the imperative form of the verb.
The imperative form of the verb is based on the present-tense conjugation. There are three possibilities using the imperative form. The first two use either the tu or the vous form of the verb, and the third uses the nous form. To form the imperative, simply drop the subject pronoun from the construction, which turns it into an order.
Tu Form
The tu form of the verb is used when you are giving an order to one person with whom you are very familiar. If you want to give an order to someone you don't know very well, use the vous form instead. For verbs ending in -er, when the verb is used in the imperative, the “s” is dropped from the end of the tu form in written French. In spoken French, the “s” in the tu form isn't pronounced anyway, so you shouldn't notice much of a difference. This happens only with verbs ending in -er, however. The “s” is maintained at the end of the word in verbs ending in -ir and -re.
Porte la chemise rouge. |
Wear the red shirt. |
Finis le livre. |
Finish the book. |
Vous Form
The vous form of the verb is used when giving an order to a group of people that does not include yourself. In addition, it is used as a polite form when speaking with someone to whom you should show deference and respect.
Téléphonez à votre maman. |
Call your mother. |
Finissez le repas. |
Finish the meal. |
Nous Form
The nous form of the verb is used form sentences such as “Let's go to the mall.” This form of the imperative collects everyone together and makes them a group. Because you are included in the group, the nous form of the verb is used. If you are telling someone else to go and do something, and you are not included in the action, use the vous form.
Restons ici. |
Let's stay here. |
Partons maintenant. |
Let's go now. |
Irregular Imperative Verb Forms
The imperative can be used with irregular verbs. This section shows the forms of the four most common irregular verbs. Familiarize yourself with them so that you can recognize them on sight. If you forget about one of the forms and don't recognize it when you come across it, the fact that it is used without a subject pronoun should jog your memory.
Être
The forms of être are completely irregular. Instead of using the present indicative conjugation, the following forms must be used:
Avoir
Like être, avoir also has unique formations in the imperative.
Tu form:aie
Nous form:ayons
Vous form:ayez
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Aie confiance, je suis là!
Ayons la conviction de nos opinions.
Ayez le courage de le lui dire.
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Faire
Faire is unique in that even though it's an irregular verb, it follows the regular conjugation pattern, using the present indicative conjugated form.
Tu form:fais
Nous form:faisons
Vous form:faites
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Fais tes devoirs avant d'aller rejoindre tes amis.
Faisons preuve de bon sens!
Faites savoir à vos parents qu'ils sont invités.
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Aller
Aller forms the imperative much like the regular -er verbs, dropping the “s” from the end of the tu form. When the tu form va is used with an object pronoun such as y, it takes an “s,” to form vas-y.
Tu form:va
Nous form:allons
Vous form:allez
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Va lui en parler
Allons voir ce qui se passe à la gare!
Allez parler à votre cousine.
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Pronunciation of Imperatives
In this section, you learned how to use imperatives. Listen to the CD for the pronunciation of some of the expressions you have learned.
Porte la chemise rouge. |
Wear the red shirt. |
Finis le livre. |
Finish the book. |
Apprends la leçon. |
Learn the lesson. |
Restons ici. |
Let's stay here. |
Partons maintenant. |
Let's go now. |
Lisons quelque chose. |
Let's read something. |
Téléphonez à votre maman. |
Call your mother. |
Finissez le repas. |
Finish the meal. |
Lisez le journal. |
read the newspaper. |