There are a number of abnormal heart conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels that are characterized as heart disease. Most can be avoided with a healthy diet and exercise.

Coronary Artery Disease

Coronary artery disease is the most common cause of heart attacks. It is characterized by the buildup of LDL cholesterol (known as arterial plaque), which hardens and narrows arteries, and slows down blood flow.

Angina

Arterial blockage from plaque can lead to angina, which is a squeezing pain in the chest, jaw, arms, shoulder, neck, and back. Angina is a warning sign of a potential heart attack.

Heart Attack

Actual heart attacks occur when the artery is blocked and the heart cannot get the blood it needs for over 20 minutes.

Heart Failure

Heart failure is the inability of the heart to pump blood adequately. It is not a case of the heart stopping, but rather of other organs not getting the blood they need. Symptoms include shortness of breath; swelling in the legs, ankles, and feet; and extreme fatigue.

Heart Arrhythmia

Arrhythmia is characterized by a change in the beats of the heart, which can cause dizziness, chest pain, and shortness of breath. The changing pattern and accompanying symptoms usually occur separately and are harmless. But if they occur simultaneously they can be very dangerous.

To reduce the risk of heart disease, know your blood pressure, and if necessary, take steps to lower it by instituting the DASH diet. Eat a healthy diet, exercise regularly, and maintain a healthy weight. Check cholesterol regularly, don’t smoke, and limit alcohol to one drink a day. Overweight individuals are at a higher risk for heart disease, as are those with diabetes.