The availability of DNA analysis means that breeders and breed registries can positively identify dogs for registration and determine their relatedness to other dogs when planning breedings. Breeders can compare the genetics of the two dogs they're considering breeding to make sure they aren't carriers of certain diseases as well as to pinpoint desirable performance traits. This DNA fingerprinting — or pawprinting, if you will — is also useful in resolving identity and pedigree disputes. A microchip can migrate, a tattoo can fade, and fur can be dyed, but DNA doesn't change. DNA testing can provide definitive proof of the parents of a litter and is required for breedings using artificial insemination, such as with frozen semen.

A canine DNA profile is a series of markers from your dog's chromosomes. It comes printed out in color, making it simple to follow the identification. The American Kennel Club doesn't require DNA analysis to register a dog, but it does have a voluntary DNA certification program. If a dog registered with the AKC receives a certificate of DNA analysis, all future registration certificates and pedigrees issued for that dog will include his DNA profile number, plus DNA profile numbers for ancestors that have been profiled.

DNA samples are collected by placing a small bristle brush inside a dog's mouth and swabbing it against the inside of the cheek to obtain cell samples. It's as easy as that. Many breed clubs conduct DNA profiling clinics at their national specialty shows.