Pups Are Now Here!
Once the pups have all made an appearance, you still have work to do. First, identify all the pups so you can keep track of weights and growth. Some breeders use nail polish, either using different colors or marking different toes. Others give each puppy a tiny rickrack collar in a different color. Newborn pups should be checked for serious genetic defects such as cleft palates (a hole in the roof of the mouth that leads to aspiration pneumonia and usually death without extensive surgery). These pups and any with other serious deformities may need to be euthanized, one of the difficult decisions breeders must make.
Judging Progress
For the first week or two, pups should be weighed daily on a scale with gram measurements. You should see some increase in their weight every day. If pups aren't growing well, the dam may not be producing enough milk. She could have mastitis (inflammation or infection of the mammary glands), or the pups may have problems.
You need to keep a close eye on your bitch to be sure she is eating well and that her mammary glands stay a healthy pink and not too firm. If the litter is large, pups may have to eat in shifts. Again, it is important to identify all the pups so you can be sure everyone gets a fair share!
Puppies may need paper or bedding changes multiple times per day. They will eliminate upon waking up, whether it is from a nap or a longer overnight sleep, after activity, and after eating. They must be kept warm but not overheated. Puppies also should have gentle handling daily to accustom them to people and to being handled.
It is important to check each individual pup at least twice daily to be sure they are all nursing well. Gently tent up the puppy's skin with your fingers to check for dehydration; well-hydrated skin will snap right back into place. You should also feel for a nicely rounded little belly. If pups aren't getting enough milk, you may need to tube feed or supplement with a bottle.
Tails and Toenails
If it is customary with dogs of your chosen breed to dock tails or remove dewclaws, you need to arrange with your veterinarian for this to be done. These procedures are often carried out on three-to five-day-old pups. They are not mandatory, however. Many breeds are now changing their standards to allow dogs with undocked tails and uncropped ears to be shown.
