Proteins are chains of amino acids responsible for cell growth and maintenance and are found in virtually every part of the body. Protein in foods from animal sources (meat, poultry, fish, and dairy) is called complete protein because it contains essential amino acids necessary for building and maintaining cells. Plant-based foods such as grains, beans, fruit, and vegetables contain incomplete proteins, with only partial groups of these amino acids.

However, different incomplete plant-based proteins can be combined to form complete proteins in the diet. If you are a vegetarian or vegan and have diabetes, a dietitian with experience in vegetarian menu planning can advise you on appropriate protein consumption.

People with diabetes should have 15 to 20 percent of total calories from protein, as is recommended for the general population. Anyone with impaired kidney function, or nephropathy, should avoid a high protein diet because damaged kidneys cannot filter protein efficiently from the bloodstream. If you have kidney problems, talk to your doctor and dietitian about an appropriate level of protein for your diet.