Even though bullying prevention research is still in its early phases, some initial data has provided clues to the direction anti-bullying programs should take. And while we have a long road of trial and error ahead, there have been some encouraging findings.

Every school system should research the existing programs and be on the lookout for up-and-coming, new anti-bullying education and prevention programs. Until there is widespread consensus on effective and affordable programs, schools should do everything they can with the available resources and information.

According to the Zero Tolerance Task Force, “There are three programs that have been shown to be effective in reducing the risk of violence or disruption are highlighted: bullying prevention (primary), threat assessment (secondary) determining the degree to which a given threat or incident constitutes a serious danger to the school, and restorative justice (tertiary).”

Notice that zero tolerance punishment is not on the list. The task force also reports that, “the controversy over zero tolerance and the concern that increased rates of school removal may decrease educational opportunities have led a number of state legislatures, such as Indiana, Texas, and Virginia, to propose or adopt legislation to modify zero tolerance procedures or expand the range of disciplinary options available to schools.”

Since the goal of effective discipline in every school system should be to allow students the opportunity to learn in a safe school climate, some alternative policies should be considered.

Reforming Existing Zero Tolerance Policies

While zero tolerance policies and punishments for certain behaviors or activities (such as weapons, drugs and alcohol, violence, or threats of violence) should remain in effect, anti-bullying policies should be altered to allow more flexibility for lesser offenses that don't compromise the safety of other students.

Adding Additional Programs

If reduction of bullying is a goal, the simple addition of a zero tolerance policy is not enough to correct the problem. Anti-bullying education and prevention programs should be implemented. And programs that improve overall school climate or a sense of community and belonging can go a long way to improving student relationships. Leadership programs, peer counseling programs, and character development programs can all lead to a stronger sense of community and responsibility in a school.

At this time, the jury is still out on what program or combination of programs work best to keep American school children safe from harm. But at least researchers, educators, policymakers, parents, and students are becoming more and more aware of the implications of bullying and school violence. And every day progress is being made in the effort to keep children safe inside and outside of school.