From its very beginnings to today, mythology has inspired visual artists. Almost any museum you visit will have at least one piece of art — perhaps a painting, a sculpture, or an engraving — related to classical mythology. At its root, mythology formed a basis for ancient religion, and art was an important way to express piety. Statues were erected to honor the gods and goddesses, carvings adorned temple walls, and images were painted on household items such as cups, vases, and plates.

Several Greek and Roman buildings that survive from ancient times are adorned with carvings that depict mythological scenes and characters. Examples include the Parthenon and the Erechtheum in Athens and the temples of the Roman Forum. With a little imagination, you can visualize the scene as it appeared at the height of its popularity.

Numerous classical statues and sculptures still exist today, although many of these have sustained some damage. One of the best-known sculptures is the Venus de Milo, currently on display at the Louvre in Paris, which was created between 130 and 100 B.C. Other famous sculptures of gods and goddesses from the classical era that you can see at the Louvre include Apollo Belvedere (fourth century B.C.) and the Winged Victory of Samothrace (third century B.C.).

During late antiquity and the Middle Ages, the emergence of Christianity replaced mythological subjects in art with images of Jesus, the Virgin Mary, and the saints. With the Renaissance, interest in mythological subjects reemerged, and artists brought the gods and goddesses back to life in their works. From this period on, many famous works of art depict mythological characters and scenes. Perhaps you're familiar with some of these paintings and sculptures: