Baking Powder
1 teaspoon: ½ teaspoon cream of tartar plus ¼ teaspoon baking soda
Balsamic Vinegar
Sherry or cider vinegar (not white)
Beer
Apple juice or beef broth
Broth
1 teaspoon granulated or 1 cube bouillon dissolved in 1 cup water
Brown Sugar, Packed
Equal amount of granulated sugar
Buttermilk
1 teaspoon lemon juice or cider vinegar plus milk to make 1 cup; let stand 5 minutes
Cajun Seasoning
Equal parts white pepper, black pepper, ground red (cayenne) pepper, onion powder, garlic powder, and paprika
Chocolate
For 1 square unsweetened: 3 tablespoons unsweetened cocoa plus 1 tablespoon butter
For 1 square semisweet: 1 square unsweetened plus 1 tablespoon sugar
For 2 squares semisweet: ⅓ cup semisweet chocolate chips
Corn Syrup
For light or dark: 1 cup sugar plus ¼ cup water
For dark: 1 cup light corn syrup or 1 cup maple syrup, or ¾ cup light corn syrup plus ¼ cup molasses
Cornstarch
For 1 tablespoon: 2 tablespoons all-purpose flour
Dates
For chopped: equal amount raisins, prunes, currants, or dried cherries
Eggs
For 1 egg: 2 egg whites or 2 egg yolks; ¼ cup liquid egg substitute; or 2 tablespoons mayonnaise
Flour
For cake flour: 1 cup minus 2 tablespoons all-purpose flour
Flour, Self-rising
1 cup all-purpose flour plus 1 teaspoon baking powder and ½ teaspoon salt
Garlic
For 1 clove fresh: ⅛ teaspoon garlic powder
Half-and-Half
Equal parts milk and heavy cream
Honey
1¼ cups sugar plus ¼ cup water; equal amount corn syrup
Leeks
Equal amount green onions or shallots
Lemon Juice
For 1 teaspoon: 1 teaspoon cider vinegar or white vinegar
Milk
½ cup evaporated (not sweetened condensed) milk plus ½ cup water
Molasses
Equal amount honey
Mushrooms
For 1 cup cooked: 4-ounce can, drained
Mustard
For 1 tablespoon prepared: 1 teaspoon dry
Oil
Equal amount melted butter
Onion
For 1 medium: 1 teaspoon onion powder or 1 tablespoon dried minced
Poultry Seasoning
For 1 teaspoon: ¾ teaspoon sage plus ¼ teaspoon thyme
Prunes
Dates, raisins, or currants
Pumpkin Pie Spice
For 1 teaspoon: ½ teaspoon cinnamon plus ¼ teaspoon ground ginger plus ⅛ teaspoon ground cayenne (red) pepper
Sour Cream
Plain yogurt or puréed cottage cheese
Tomato Products
For 1 cup juice: ½ cup sauce plus ½ cup water
For ½ cup paste: simmer 1 cup sauce till reduced to ½ cup
For 2 cups sauce: ¾ cup paste plus 1¼ cup water
For 1 cup canned: 1⅓ cups fresh, cut up and simmered 5 minutes
Wine
For white: apple juice or cider; white grape juice; chicken or vegetable broth; water
For red: apple cider; chicken, beef, or vegetable broth; water
Yeast
For 1 packet (2¼ teaspoons) regular or quick active dry: 1 compressed cake
Yogurt
Sour cream
