The candidates don't actually begin the process of competing for votes until the primary season begins, but they spend years organizing, fundraising, and piecing together their campaigns.

Debates and voter forums typically begin a full year prior to the first primary. These events give voters a chance to compare the candidates, and allow the media the opportunity to assess the relative strengths and weaknesses of each candidate. More than anything, debates give the candidates a chance to gain “traction” and build momentum for their campaigns. In 1996, political commentator Pat Buchanan used the debates and other candidate forums to hammer away at Republican front-runner Bob Dole and build enthusiasm for his campaign. His upset victory in New Hampshire is credited, in part, to his masterful performances in the debates leading up to it. John McCain employed a similar strategy in 2000 against George W. Bush, who struggled during the early debates.

In addition to debates, the candidates also compete for momentum and perceived strength at “straw poll” conventions. These contests are usually held a month or two in advance of the primary season, and are little more than mini-conventions where citizens show up (they usually pay an entrance fee) and cast a vote for one of the candidates. The Florida straw poll contest is considered the most important. Candidates spend hundreds of thousands of dollars organizing their support at this event in order to give the appearance of strength. Hordes of media outlets cover the Florida straw poll, handicapping the strengths and weaknesses of each candidate's performance. A good candidate showing at the Florida straw poll can generate momentum heading into the Iowa caucus, while a poor show can potentially cripple a campaign. Often, the front-runners heading into the Florida straw poll opt not to participate in it out of fear of being upset and losing momentum.